Page 93 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

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s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
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gfotosDK d/ gqsh ;u/s ns/ ikro{e j[zdh j?. fJBQK ftu nBktPe iVsk BjhA j[zdh. fJ; ftu buhbkgB
ns/ T[g:'rh gfotosDK d/ nB[;ko YbB ns/ pdbD dh :'rsk j[zdh j?. T[dkjoD d/ bJh, 1947 s'A gfjbK
Gkos ftu d/;h fonk;sK ns/ fpqfNP Gkos ftu nB/eK gqeko dh ftfusq okiBhfse ;z;feqshnK ssekbhB
okiBhfse fJekJhnK d/ fJod–frod gkJh iKdh ;h, fezs{ ;[szsosk d/ pknd fJBKQ ;G ftu gfotosD
jh BjhA nkfJnk, go skbw/b ;Ekfgs j' e/ fJe okPNoh okiBhfse ;z;feqsh dh ouBk j'D brh j?. fJ;
Bkb ;gPN j? fe okiBhfse ;z;feqsh ftu gfotosD dh :'rsktK ft~dwkB ofjzdh j?.
d/P ftu j'D tkb/ T[fd:'rheoD, edoK–ehwsK ns/ nfGftqshnK d/ gfotosD ftu wjZstg{oB ekoe j[zd/
jB. ngqtk;hnK dk Gkoh ;zfynk ftu nkrwB, :[ZX ns/ ftP/P o{g ftu tZv/ :[~X ftu jko nkfd ;ko/
ekoe okiBhfse edoK–ehwsK ns/ ftPtk; ftu gfotosD fbnk fdzd/ jB ns/ fJBQK gfotosDk d/ ekoB
okiBhfse ftnt;Ek T[s/ dpkn g?D brd/ jB. w"i{dK w[~b–;zouBk ftu BthnK edoK–ehwsK d/ fwb ikD
dh ;kg/y ;cbsk ns/ n;cbsk T[s/ okiBhfse ftnt;Ek dh ;fEosk nkXkfos j[zdh j? ns/ fJj pj[s e[M
okiBhfse ;z;feqsh ftu gfotosD iK fInkdk eqKshekoh edoK–ehwsK Bz{ nksw;ks eoB dh :'rsk T[s/
fBoGo eodk j?.
okiBhfse ;z;feqsh Bz{ fJe ghVh s'A d{ih ghVh se gqGkt'sgkde Yzr Bkb gj[zukT[D d/ wkfXnwK ftu
;otkfXe wj~stg{oB okiBhfse ;wkiheoB j?. fJ; Bkb okiBhfse ;z;feqsh Bk e/tb fJe ghVh s'A d{ih
ghVh Bz{ j;sKsfos j[zd j?, ;r'A ;z;feqsh ftu ;ihtsk pDh ofjzdh j?. nkwzv ns/ topk B/ okiBhfse
;wkiheoB dh okiBhfse ;z;feqsh Bz{ pdbD ns/ pDk e/ o~yD ftu G{fwek dk T[b/y eod/ j'J/ mhe jh
fbfynk j? fe “okiBhfse ;wkiheoD fJj gqfeqnk j? fi;d/ d[nkok okiBhfse ;z;feqshnK Bz{ pDkJ/ o~yDk
iK gfotofss ehsk iKdk j?.” fJ; gqeko “okiBhfse ftnt;Ek d/ ;zpzX ftu e[M XkoDktK dk j'Dk ns/
T[BQK dk ftek; ns/ ftnt;Ek Bkb ;zpzfXs ftPtk; jh okiBhfse ;wkiheoB j?.” i' ;jh noEK ftu
okiBhfse ;z;feqsh d/ fBowkD dh gq/oe Pesh fejk ik ;edk j?. ;' okiBhfse ;z;feqsh d/ ftek; ftu
okiBhsh ;wkiheoD dh wjs~tg{oB G{fwek ofjzdh j?. fJj gqfeqnk okPNo d/ gqsh fBPmk ns/ ftfPPN
edoK–ehwsK Bz{ gBgkT[D ftu ;jkfJsk fdzdh j? ns/ fJj okiBhfse ftnt;Ek d/ bJh ;woEB iK T[;d/
d[okt ftu tkXk eo ;edh j?. ;w{jK ns/ ftneshnK d/ fe; nzP dk okiBhfse ihtB ftu Gkr b?D dh
nkPk ehsh iKdh j?, fJ; gqfeqnk dk wj~stg{oB gqGkt g?Adk j?. okiBhfse ;wkiheoB e/tb T[BQK pugB
d/ ;kbK se jh ;hfws BjhA j?, id pkbe T[Zs/ S/sh gqGkt g?Ad/ jB ns/ T[;d/ f;~yD dk ;wK j[zdk j?. ;jh
noEK ftu sK fJj gqfeqnk ihtB Go ubdh ofjzdh j?. fezs{ pugB d/ ;w/A s'A B"itkBh se fJ;dk gqGkt
rfjok ofjzdk j? ns/ pknd ftu fJ; ftu fPfEbsk nk iKdh j?. okiBhfse ;wkiheoD d/ d[nkok
okiBhfse ;z;feqsh dk ftek; j[zdk j? ns/ fJ; ftu eJh nfGeoD nbr–nbr ;w/A ftu nkgDh G{fwek
fBGkT[Ad/ jB. gfotko, f;fynB ;z;EktK, ;t?w ;/te ;w{j, iB ;zgoe wkfXnw, ;oeko ns/ okiBhfse
ftnt;Ek s'A j'D tkb/ ;zgoe nkfd d/ d[nkok ftnesh dk okiBhfse ;wkiheoD j[zdk j? i' okiBhfse
;z;feqsh d/ ftek; ftu ;jkfJe j[zdk j?.
okiBhfse ;z;feqsh T[gkrw dh s[bBkswe okiBhsh ftu T[g:'frsk
okiBhfse ;z;feqsh T[gkrw dh s[bBkswe okiBhsh ftu T[g:'frsk
okiBhfse ;z;feqsh T[gkrw dh s[bBkswe okiBhsh ftu T[g:'frsk (The
okiBhfse ;z;feqsh T[gkrw dh s[bBkswe okiBhsh ftu T[g:'frsk
okiBhfse ;z;feqsh T[gkrw dh s[bBkswe okiBhsh ftu T[g:'frsk
Utility of Political Culture Approach in Comparative Politics)
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ftu okiBhfse ;z;feqsh dh ntXkoDk dh nkw T[g:'frsk Bz{ ;gPN eod/ j'J/ f;vBh
topk B/ fbfynk j? fe “nkX[fBe Pskpdh ftu okiBhfse irs ns/ okiBhfse nfXn?B y/so d'tK jh
ftu fszB gfotosD j'J/ jB. Bt/A okPNoK dk T[d/ j'fJnk j?, g[okfDnK ftu gfotosD j'J/ jB ns/ T[BQK
ftu nfijhnK ;wZf;nktK T[m yVhnK j'JhnK jB i' okiBhsh Pk;so d/ ftdtkBK ns/ toswkB ;z;EktK
dh :'rsktK Bz{ fJe u[D"sh j?.” nfijh u[D'sh dk ;kwQDk eoB dh :'rsktK dk frnkB okiBhfse ;z;feqsh
dh ntXkoDk d/ nkXko T[s/ jh ehsk ik ;edk j?. T[dkjoD d/ bJh, Bt/A okPNoK d/ T[d/ B/ fJj gqPB gqw[Zy
pDk fdZs/ jB fe fJe ;EkJh okiBhfse ftnt;Ek dk fBowkD fe; soQK ehsk ikJ/ sK fe T[j nkgD/ nzdo
T[mD tkbhnK wzrK dk ;cbskg{ote ;kwQDk eoB dh ;woEk gaqkgs eo ;e/. okiBhfse ftnt;EktK Bz{
s/ih Bkb pdbdh gfo;fEshnK s'A nB[e{fbs fet/A ofynk ikt/< e[M okPNo ;cb sK e[M n;cb feT[A

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