Page 216 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
BØN fJ; ;zpzX ftu ‘gozgok’, gozgoktkd ns/ ‘gozgokrs ;wki’ PpdK Bz{ ;wMDk io{oh j?. ‘gozgok’ Ppd
dk noE nshs ftu ub/ nk oj/ ftPtk;K ns/ gqEktK s'A j?. ‘gozgoktkd’ wkBf;e fdqPNhe'D (psychic
attitude) j? i' gqkuhB ftPtk;K ns/ gqEktK dh ngfotosBh wzB e/ T[BQK Bz{ P'Gk:[es s/ r"otkftzs eodk
j?. fJj gfotosD ns/ ftek; d/ ftgohs j?. gozgoktkdh b'e gozgok Bz{ ;EkJh wzBd/ jB. T[BQK dk efjDk
j? fe gozgokswe ehwsK ns/ gqEktK Bz{ wzBDk ns/ ;[o~fyns oyDk fJ; bJh io{oh j? feT[Afe nshs ftu
T[BQK Bz{ T[g:'rh gkfJnk frnk ;h. ;' T[j T[BQK BthBsktK d/ d[PwD jB i' g[okDh gqEktK dk T[bzxD eodh
j?.
n?vtov fPb; (Edward Shils, Tradition and Liberty in Ethics) d/ nB[;ko gozgok iK gozgokgoe
nfGw[y feqnk (traditional-alistically-oriented action) “gozgokswe wkBdzv dk T[BQK dh gozgokswe
gqfeqsh d/ gqsh ikro{e ofjzd/ j'J/ ;t/Sk Bkb T[BQK dh fBPu/g{ote nfGg[PNh eoBk (deliberate
affirmation) j?.” gozgokswe wkBdzv gft~so Gkt s'A g[zB o{g ftu T[fds j[zd/ jB. i/eo fJj wkBdzv
nshs dh fe;/ gft~so t;s{ Bkb i[V/ j'D sK T[BQK d/ gfotosD dk fInkdk fto'X j'J/rk, ng/ePkfeqs T[BQK
wkBdzvK d/ fiBQK nkXko gft~so t;s{ Bkb ;zpzXs Bk j't/.
gozgokswe Yzr ;zg/qfPs (transmitted) wkBdzv fJ; ekoD ;theko ehs/ iKd/ jB feT[Afe (1) T[BQK d/
Bk wzBD s/ wkBsk ns/ nB[Pk;s (sanctions) dk gqPB T[mdk j?, (2) fdsh rJh ;fEs ftu T[j fBnwK
dh io{os dh g{osh eod/ jB ns/ fJ; gqeko ;wki ftu ;fEoheoD (stabilization) dk ezw eod/ jBl
(3) T[BQK ftu gftZso T[Bw[ysk j[zdh j?l (4) T[BQK dk ;zgq/PD nshs Bkb j[zdk fojk j?, ns/ (5) G?n ns/
nfrnkBsk d/ ekoD th b'e nshs d/ gqsh PoXktkB ofjzd/ jB ns/ gfotosD dk fto'X eod/ jB.
nkoHn?BH p/bkj (R.N. Bellah, Values and social Change in Modern Japan) d/ nB[;ko gozgokrs
;wki dh ftP/PsktK jBL gozgoktK dh gqXkBsk, Bks/dkoh T[s/ nkXkos ;zrmB, gqd~s gfo;fEsh ns/
;z;sfos ;wkfie ftnt;Esk. fJ;d/ T[bN ‘nkX[fBe ;wki’ dh ftP/PsktK jBL wPhBh seBhe, okPNoh
s/ Xow fBog/ysk d/ ftuko ns/ nfsnzs T[Zusk dh ftftXsk g{oD ;zouBktK. n;kB PpdK ftu fJj fejk
ik ;ed j? fe fi~E/ gozgokrs ;wki ohsh^fotkiK s/ gqEktK Bkb pzfBQnK jz[dk j? ns/ ;z;sfos
(Hierarchical), gqd~s gfo;fEsh tkbk, ns/ nB[sgkde (unproduction) j[zdk j?, T[E/ jh nkX[fBe
;wkBstkdh (egalitarian), T[gbpX goe (achievement oriented), ns/ T[sgkdB goe (production-
oriented) noE ftnt;Ek T[s/ nkXkos j[zdk j?.
gozgokrs ;wki rshjhB j[zdk j?. T[Zu rshPhbsk tkb/ ;wki ftu fi; Bz{ w[es ;wki th fejk iKdk j?,
ftnesh wkor ftu nkT[D tkb/ nt;oK ns/ nkgDh :'rsk s/ ;zGktBktK dk bkG T[mkT[Ad/ j'J/ nkgDh
gfo;fEsh ftu gfotosD eo ;edk j?. d{ih soc, pzd iK rshjhB ;wki ftu ftnesh iBw s'A fwqs{
se fJe jh gfo;fEsh ftu ofjzdk j?. nkX[fBesk s'A ;kvk noE w[es ;wki dh ouBk j? iK BthA ;z;EktK
dh ouBk dh ;hwk s', ns/ T[; gfotosD Bz{ ;thekoD s'A j? i' ;z;EktK ftukoK ns/ ;wki dh ;wkfie
;zouBk Bkb ;zpX j?. fPbg (shils) dh wkBsk j? fe gozgokrs ;wki fe;/ th noE ftu g{oDsk
gozgokrs BjhA j[zdk ns/ nkX[fBe ;wki fe;/ th gqeko gozgoktK s'A w[es BjhA j[zdk.
12H3H2 ftP/PsktK
12H3H2 ftP/PsktK
12H3H2 ftP/PsktK
12H3H2 ftP/PsktK
12H3H2 ftP/PsktK
ekob fvT{P B/ nkX[fBesk d/ fJe g~y (noEks ;wkfie iB;zfynkswe iK fi; Bz{ T[j ;wkfie rshPhbsk
th efjzd/ jB) dk ;zdoG fdzd/ j'J/ fJzfrs ehsk j? fe fJ;d/ e[M ;{ue (indices) fJ; gqeko jBL :zsoK
d/ wkfXnw ftu nkX[fBe ihtB d/ gqsh ftr'gB iK nBkftqsh (exposure), PfjoheoD, y/sh XzfdnK ftu
gfotosD, ;kyosk ns/ gqsh ftnesh nkwdB ftu tkXk.
fJi/ANkv d/ nB[;ko ;wkfie ;zrmB (iK nkX[fBeheoD) d/ ;zouBkswe gZyK d/ w[~y ;{ue (indices) jBL
ftfPPN G{fwektK (specialized roles) T[Bw[es ftuod tkbh (free floating) j[zdh j? (noEks T[BQK ftu
gqt/P ftnesh d/ gqd~s byPDK Bkb fBoXkos BjhA j[zdk j?), ns/ XB s/ Pesh iBw d/ nkXko T[s fBPfus
BjhA j[zd/. (fit/A fe gozgokrs ;wkiK ftu j[zdk j?). fJj wkofeN torh ;z;EktK Bkb, (nkofEe ihtB
ftu), wsdkB Bkb, ns/ okiB?fse ihtB ftu gkoNhnK ezwK Bkb ;zpX j[zd/ jB.

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