Page 219 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

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fJekJh^12L gfotosD dhnK gqfeqnktK
fJekJh^12L gfotosD dhnK gqfeqnktK
fJekJh^12L gfotosD dhnK gqfeqnktK
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fJj j? fe fJBQK T[s/ ;oekoh fBnzsQD j't/ sK fJj fJe jh gqeko dh ftukoXkok Bz{ gq;kfos BØN
eoDr/. gqikszso ftu gq/w nkgD/ ftukoK dh nfGftnesh d/ bJh ;[szso j[zdk j?.
okPNohnsk T[s/ nkXkos ftukoXkok (
okPNohnsk T[s/ nkXkos ftukoXkok (
3H okPNohnsk T[s/ nkXkos ftukoXkok (okPNohnsk T[s/ nkXkos ftukoXkok (Ideology based on Nationalism)) )) )—pj[s (Plural)
okPNohnsk T[s/ nkXkos ftukoXkok (
;wki ftu okPNotkdh ftukoXkoktK ;wkfie dokoK (social cleavages) d/ J/eheoD d/ bJh n~Sk
;kXB j[zdhnK jB. T[j b'eK d/ ftT[jko gfotosD bJh okiB?fse nfGiB dh th ;jkfJsk eodhnK
jB. gozs{ pkJhAvo (Binder) dh wkBsk j? fe nfGiBK dh ftukoXkok nkX[fBe j' ;edh j?, gozs{
fJj io{oh BjhA j? fe fJ; Bkb ftek; Bz{ th ;[ftXk gqkgs j't/.
efoPkwkJh (uwsekoh) nrtkJh (
4H efoPkwkJh (uwsekoh) nrtkJh (efoPkwkJh (uwsekoh) nrtkJh (Chairsmatic Leadership)) )) )—fJe efoPwkJh (uwsekoh)
efoPkwkJh (uwsekoh) nrtkJh (
efoPkwkJh (uwsekoh) nrtkJh (
B/sk b'eK Bz{ nkX[fBe ftuko, ftPtk;, ohsh^fotki ns/ ftT[jko ngDkT[D d/ bJh g/qfos eoB
ftu n~Sh ;fEsh ftu j[zdk j? feT[Afe b'e T[; Bz{ PoXk s/ fBPmk Bkb d/yd/ jB. vo fJjh ofjzdk
j? fe nfijk B/sk fes/ okPNoh ftek; d/ ;EkB T[s/ ftneshrs :P d/ bJh nkX[fBe ehwsK ns/
nfGo{uhn dk gq:'r Bk eoD br/.
ntghVe ;oekoh ;~sk (
ntghVe ;oekoh ;~sk (
ntghVe ;oekoh ;~sk (
5H ntghVe ;oekoh ;~sk (ntghVe ;oekoh ;~sk (Coercive Government Authority)) )) )—i/eo ;oekoh ;~sk ewI'o j? sK
fJj nkX[fBeheoD dh gqfeqnk d/ T[d/PK Bz{ gqkgs eoB d/ bJh pDh BhshnK Bz{ feqnkftznB
(implementation) ftu ;cbsk gqkgs Bk eo ;e/, fezs{ i/eo ;oeko wip{s j? sK fJj b'eK Bz{ ftek;
d/ T[d/P s'A ftT[jko ns/ nfGo{uhnK Bz{ ngDkT[D d/ bJh wip{o eo ;edh j? ns/ fJ; d/ bJh ntghVB
(coercion) dk ;jkok th b? ;edh j?. gozs{ wkJhBo shBo dk ftuko j? fe fJe skBkPkjh Pk;B dh
Ykb d/ E~b/ okPNohnsk d/P Bz{ ftek; d/ gk;/ b? ikD d/ ;EkB T[s/ d/P d/ pkjo nkswj~fsnk dk ft;sko
;to{g (suicidal expansion) f;~X j' ;edh j?. fJ; ;zdoG ftu p[P gqPk;B (nw/foek ftu) d/
okiB?fse nfGiBK dh BhshnK dk T[XoD d/Dk rbs BjhA j't/rk i' fe T[BQK B/ fJoke nkfd d/ bJh pDkJh
;h. o{; dh Pq/Pmsk ysw j' ikD d/ pknd nw/foek dh ;oekoh ;~sk B/ nftef;s ns/ ftek;Phb d/
PK Bz{ nkX[fBeheoD d/ Bkw T[s/ ghVs eoB dh Bhsh ngDkT[Dh nkozG eo fdsh.
wkBoB thBo (1966L9^10) B/ ;wki d/ nkX[fBeheoD d/ bJh ehwsK, nt;oK ns/ nfGo{uhnK
ftu gfotosD dh r~b th ejh j?. nB/e noEPk;sohnK B/ th fJ; ftuko dk ;woED ehsk j?.
T[BQK B/ T[sgkdB dh gqfeqnk ftu T[BQK ;z;Ekswe o[ektNK d/ gk;/ ;ze/s ehsk j? i' ftfB:'iB
(investment) dh do ftu ewh eodhnK jB. fJ; gqeko dh ;z;Ekswe o[ektNK d/ T[dkjoD jBL
G{;tkwhst (land tenure) ftnt;Ek i' fe fe;kBK Bz{ tXd/ j'J/ T[sgkdB d/ bkG s'A tzfus eodh
j?, nfij/ N?e; i' d/P d/ fJe Gkr s'A d{i/ Gkr ftu t;s{nK dh nkT[D ikD dh rsh x~N eod/
jB ns/ B"eoPkjh fBnw.
12H3H6 Gkos ftu g~Sw dk j'o nkX[fBeheoD dk gqGkt
12H3H6 Gkos ftu g~Sw dk j'o nkX[fBeheoD dk gqGkt
12H3H6 Gkos ftu g~Sw dk j'o nkX[fBeheoD dk gqGkt
12H3H6 Gkos ftu g~Sw dk j'o nkX[fBeheoD dk gqGkt
12H3H6 Gkos ftu g~Sw dk j'o nkX[fBeheoD dk gqGkt
nbkNk; d/ nB[;ko Gkos T[s/ g~Swh gqGkt dk gzi uoDK ftu ftt/uB ehsk ik ;edk j?. gfjbk uoD
f;ezdo dh fi~s d/ Bkb gqsho'Xh ;zgoe j? i' fe pknd dh PskpdhnK s'A tkfDie s/ tgko Bkb Peshg{oD
nkdkB^gqdkB d/ o{g ftu ;dhnK se ubdk fojk. d{ik uoD gzdoQth Pskpdh d/ nzs s'A nkozG j'fJnk id
tk;e'fvrkwk ekbheN ftu nkT[D tkb/ ijkiK d/ Bkb 1498 JhH g{ot ftu nkfJnk. e[M jh ;kbK ftu
g[osrkbhnK B/ r'nk T[s/ nfXeko eo fbsk. gozs{ fJBQK g~Swh b'eK dk gqGkt ng/ePkfeqs x~N fojk. shik
uoD nkozG j'fJnk id Jh;N fJzvhnk ezgBh B/ nmkoQth Pskpdh d/ nkozG ftu nkgDk Pk;B nkozG ehsk
ns/ pknd ftu nmkoQthA Pskpdh d/ w~X se fpqfNP ;woki Gkos ftu ;Ekfg j' frnk Gkos ftu g~Swh
;z;feqsh d/ ft;kdko dk fJj gfjbk edw ;h. u"ek uod nkozG j'fJnk T[BhAthA Pskpdh d/ nkozG ns/
T[fd:'rheoD eqKsh d/ nkrwB s'A. nzrq/iK d[nkok e~u/ wkb d/ o{g ftu nkofEe P'PD s'A nkozG j'fJnk ns/
T[d'A s'A jh ;K;feqse ns/ ;wkfie y/soK ftu th g~Swh ;z;feqsh dk tou;t nkozG j'fJnk. gzitK ns/
nzfsw uoD nkozG j'fJnk 1947 ftu Gkos dh okiB?fse ;[szsosk d/ Bkb.
;kvh ;wkfie ftnt;Ek ns/ ;kvh ;z;feqs T[s/ gqGkt d/ noE ftu g~Swh ;z;feqsh dh eh Skg gJh j?<
fJ; Bz{ ;zy/g ftu fJ; gqeko d~f;nk ik ;edk j?L

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