Page 28 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
BØN :'r/Ado f;zx d/ nB[;ko, “g~Sw d/ Bkb Gkosh (fjzd{) gozgok dk ;zgoe fGzB ns/ w"fbe ;wki Pk;soh
wj~st dk ;h. fJfsjkf;e fdqPNh Bkb fJj ;zgoe fJ~e g{op^nkX[fBe ns/ nkX[fBehfeqs ;z;feqsh ftt;Ek
d/ ft~u dk ;h.” g~Swh gozgok ft~u soeDktkd, ;wkBsk ns/ ;[szsosk T[Zs/ nkXkfos ftfrnkfBe ns/
gq'd[:'fre ftPt^fdqPNh gkJh iKdh j?. cb;o{g, Gkosh gozgok, fi; ft~u gfjbK jh fJ~e gqeko dk
‘ftrkV’ nk frnk ;h, yZ[bQh, Tdko, ;wkBsktkdh ns/ wkBtsktkdh pDh. fJ; gqeko g~Swh (fpqfNP)
gozgok Gkosh gozgok d/ ;kjwD/ fJ~e u[B"sh pD e/ nkJh. ;'gkB, i' fJ~e iksh ;w{j ft~u iBw T[Zs/
nkXkfos ;wkfie ;'gkB dk f;XKs ;h, ns/ ;kebtkd i' ftfGzB ;w{jK Bz{ gqd~s gqekoK ns/ eos~tK d/ ;zgzB
eoB d/ wkDeK T[Zs/ nkXkfos fGzB ^fGzB iksh ;w{jK d/ ft~u ;kt:th nzso^fBoGosk ;h, g~Swh gozgok
d[nkok pj[s gqGkfts j'J/.
1H3H9
1H3H9 g~SwheoBg~SwheoB
1H3H9 g~SwheoB
1H3H9 g~SwheoBg~SwheoB
1H3H9
n?wH n?BH PqhfBtk; d/ nB[;ko g~SwheoB Uj gfotosB j? i' Gkos ft~u fpqfNP Pk;B d/ gqGkt d/ ekoD
nkfJnk j?. fJj gfotosB seBhe, t/;^G{Pk, ykD^gkD ns/ b'eK dhnK nkdsK ns/ ihtB^P?bhnK nkfd
ft~u fdykJh fdzdk j?. fszB ;soK T[Zs/ g~SwheoB dh gqfeqnk ezw eoBh j?L (1) gqkoEfwe, (2) d{ih ns/
(3) shih. gqkoEfwe ;so T[Zs/ e[M b'e ;B i' g~Swh ;z;feqsh d/ Bkb ;zgoe ft~u nkJ/, ns/ fJ; s'A bkG
b?D tkfbnK ft~u th gqEw ;B. d{i/ ;so d/ g~SwheoB dk noE Gkosh ;wki d/ UjBK torK s'A j? i'
gqEw bkG^G'rhnK d/ Bkb gqs~y ;zgoe ft~u nkJ/. shi/ ;so s/ Uj b'e jB i' fpqfNP d[nkok P[o{ ehshnK
rJhnK soehpK d/ pko/ ft~u ngqs~y o{g Bkb ikDekoh gqkgs eo gkJ/. fJ; soK g~SwheoB dh gqfeqnk
d/ fszB ;so jB. Gkosh ;wki d/ ftfGzB nB[GkrK ft~u fJ; gqfeqnk dk gq;ko n;wkB ns/ n;wkBsktkdh
th fojk j?. ukj/ PqhfBtk; B/ fJ; gqfeqnk dh n~SkJhnK ft~u wkBtsktkd ns/ ;wsktkd dk T[b/y ehsk
j? gqzs{ j'o ftdtkBK d/ nB[;ko g~SwheoB ;z;feqfse ns/ frnkBkswe T[gfBt/Ptkd dh gqfeqnk j?, ns/
“nftnefse n;z;feqqfse ns/ n;kotG"w oki dk fJ~e Bw{Bk j?.”
g~SwheoB B/ Bt/A nkXkoK T[Zs/ fJ~e nfyb Gkosh ;z;feqsh d/ g[BLT[d/ ft~u :'rdkB fd~sk j?. g~SwheoB
dk gqGkt f;~fynk, ekBz{B, ftfrnkB ns/ seBheh okiBhsheoB d/ Bt/A gqekoK, BroheoB T[d:'freheoB,
gq?; ns/ :ksk:ks ns/ ;zuko d/ ;kXBK d/ y/soK ft~u j'fJnk j?. fJBQK ;z;Ekge e/AdoK d/ T[d/ Bz{ :'r/Ado
f;zx B/ “;z;feqfse nkX[fBeheoB” dh gqfeqnk dk BK fd~sk j?. g~Swh gqGkt d[nkok, nkX[fBeheoB dh fJ~e
wjkB gozgok T[sgzB j'Jh j?. fBPu/ jh, fJ; d/ ekoD d/;h gozgok ns/ g~Swh gozgok d/ ft~u ;zxoP dh
;w~f;nk pD rJh j?. Gkosh ;wki d/ nfGiks nB[GkrK d/ ;zdoG ft~u fJBQK d'jK gozgoktK ft~u ;zPb/PD gkfJnk
iKdk j?.
nkozfGe nt;Ek ft~u g~Swh gqGkt gfoXhfeqs ns/ ;EkBhfeqs ;h feUAfe fJj ebe~sk, pzpJh ns/ wdok;
PfjoK ft~u w~X torh b'eK s~e ;hfws fojk. f;~fynk ;z;EktK th fJBQK fszB PfjoK ft~u e/Adfos ;B.
nzrq/Ih f;~fynk dk d[jok gqGkt fgnkL (1) f;~fyns b'eK ft~u g~Swh w[~bK ns/ ftukoXkoktK dk nzsofBt/
PB, (2) ;wkfie ns/ ;z;feqfse ;[Xko nzd'bBK dk nko'j. ;[Xko nzd'bBK d/ pko/ ft~u n;hA fJ~e j'o gkm
ft~u uouk eoKr/. f;~fynk th T[Zu ns/ w~X torh Pfjoh b'eK s~e ;hfws ;h. fpqfNP Pk;B B/ fJ~e BthA
u/sBk ns/ w[~bK dh ;zouBk dh ouBk ehsh. :'r/Ado f;zx d/ nB[;ko g~SwheoB d/ fBwB gqGkt jBL
1H fJ~e ;op^ftnkgh ftXh nfX^;zouBK dk ftek;
2H f;~fynk gq;ko
3H BroheoB ns/ T[d:'freheoB
4H ;zuko dk ftPkb ikb
5H okPNohtkd dk ftek; ns/ ;wki dk okiBhsheoB
;zg{oB d/P ft~u fJBQK s~sK Bkb nkX[fBeheoB ft~u :'rdkB gqkgs j'fJnk. fBnKgkfbek, ndkbs, ekBz{B
(pkb^ftnkj, pkb^j~fsnk ns/ ;sh nkfd Bz{ o'eD bJh), ftXh nk:'r pDkJ/ rJ/ ns/ ftnkj, gfotko,
sbke, r'd b?D dh gqEk, ;zgsh j;sKsoD, nbg^;zfyne, G{wh^nfXeko, b?D^d/D, tgko, T[d:'r ns/
fwjBs nkfd d/ pko/ ft~u Bt/A ekBz{B bkr{ ehs/ rJ/.

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