Page 24 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
BØN Bz{ okfinK ns/ iB;kXkoD d'jK s'A pj[s ;kok dkB fwbdk ;h. wB{ ns/ Bkod d/ nB[;ko Uj “fGqPN” pD
rJ/ ;B.
y~sohnK ns/ t?PnK T[Zs/ toD dk tzPkB[rs nkXko bkr{ BjhA j[zdk ;h. “Pk;B ebk ns/ ;?fBe eko'pko
fJ~e ;w{j s~e ;hfws BjhA ;B. Gkos d/ fJfsjk; ft~u pqkjwD, t?P ns/ P{do Pkjh okitzPK d/ T[b/yK
dh ewh BjhA j?. ;kstkjB pqkjwD ;B, r[gs t?P ;B ns/ Bzd okik P{do ;B. fJ; s'A fJbktk :tB, Pe
ns/ e[PkB okitzP fe;/ iksh d/ BjhA ;B.”
t?P fJ~e pj[s nfXe ftG/fds iksh ;w{j ;h feUAfe T[; ft~u e[M gfotko XBh ;B ns/ j'o S'N/ fe;kB,
ekohro, c/oh tkb/ ns/ fBwB eowh ;B. P{do b'eK dk gqs~y o{g ft~u fJ~e tor ;o{g ;h. Uj fszBK
toDK dh ;/tk eoB/ ;B ns/ UjBK dh nkofEe ;fEsh fBwBsw ;h. n;bhns ft~u Uj T[Zu ikshnK
d/ B"eo ;B. fco th Uj toD ftt;Ek s'A pkjo ;wM/ iKd/ ;B. ftG/dheoB d/ tXD ns/ ftfGzB ikshnK
ft~u ftnkj d[nkok fwPoD j'D ekoD T[g^ikshnK pDhnK.
eh iksh ns/ tor gqkuhB Gkos ft~u go;go ftnkgs ;B< wB[~y dh nkofEe ;fEsh ft~u gfotosB
j'D Bkb T[; dh iksh gfo;fEsh gqGkfts BjhA j[zdh ;h. iksh ns/ tor, fJj d' ;'gkB w/b BjhA yKd/
;B. tor ;'gkB ft~u T[Zgo s'A Bhu/ s~e fBwBfbys tor ;BL (1) T[Zu nfXekoh, tgkoh, Pkj{eko ns/
G{^;tkwh, (2) bx{ T[Bw[es G{whXo, ekohro ns/ ;kXkoD nfXekoh, (3) nfXeko ns/ ;zgshftjhD
wId{o ns/ (4) T[g/fyns ns/ t~yo/ ehs/ wId{o. nkyoh d' e'NhnK ft~u P{do ns/ wb/S b'e ;B. gqzs{
gfjbhnK d' Pq/DhnK pqkjwDK ns/ y~sohnK d/ ;wkBKso BjhA ;B, feUAfe fiBQK b'eK B/ nkgD/ eko'pko brB
Bkb ehs/, Uj nkofEe o{g Bkb ed/ th ;zgzB BjhA j' ;e/. pqkjwDK ns/ y~sohnK Bz{ pj[s ;BwkB ns/
gqG[~st gqkgs ;h feUAfe UjBK d/ eko'pkoK dh T[Zu ;wkfie ns/ ;z;feqfse wjZssk ;h. fco th ;wki
d/ ftfGzB torK d/ fjsK dk ;zs[bB ns/ nkgDk nKfre ;o{g iksh ftt;Ek B/ pDk e/ o~fynk. p[~X Xow
d/ T[EkB Bkb iksh gqEk Bz{ rfjok nxks gj[zfunk.
1H3H4
1H3H4 toDkPqw ftt;EktoDkPqw ftt;Ek
1H3H4 toDkPqw ftt;Ek
1H3H4 toDkPqw ftt;EktoDkPqw ftt;Ek
1H3H4
fjzd{ ;wki dk w[~y ;szG toDkPqw Xow ;h. toDkPqw ft~u uko toDK (fiBQK dk T[b/y T[Zgo ehsk ik uZ[fenk
j?) ns/ wB[~y d/ ihtB ft~u uko nt;EktK (nkPowK) dk ;wkt/P ehsk frnk j?. uko nkPow (nt;EktK)
pqjwkuo, rqfj;E, tkDgq;E ns/ ;zfBnk; ;B. pqjwkuo ft~u f;~fynk, ufo~so ns/ ftnefsst d/ fBowkD
dk ezw ehsk iKdk ;h. rqfj;E^nkPow ft~u wB[~y ftnkj eo e/ nkgD/ gfotko dk gkbD fJ~e Xkofwe coI
;wM e/ eoBk j?. shi/ ns/ u"E/ nkPowK ft~u fJ; ;z;ko dk gfofsnkr eoBk j? ns/ nfXnksfwe frnkB ns/
w'eP gqkgs eoB bJh nkgDk ihtB ;wofgs eoBk j?. nkPow ;wkBsk ns/ J/esk d/ f;XKs ;B. fJBQK dk
T[d/P fJ~e Gog{o ihtB dh gqkgsh ;h.
fJBQK :'iBktK Bkb g[oPkoE dh :'iBk rfjokJh Bkb i[Vh ;h. g[oPkoE ihtB d/ w{b f;XKs ;B. g[oPkoEK
d[nkok wB[~y Bz{ nkg, nkgD/ gfotko ns/ ftPkb ;w[dkJ/ d/ gqsh nkgD/ coIK dk p'X j[zdk ;h. Xow, noE,
ekw ns/ w'eP uko g[oPkoE jB. fJBQK f;XKsK Bz{ fJ~e ;'gfBe eqw ft~u ftt;fEs w[~bGkt iK ihtB d/
T[d/P fejk ik ;edk j?. Xow iK B?fse coI ;G wkBt^feqnktK ft~u w{bG{s jB.
;wki Pk;soh :'r/Ado f;zx B/ uko ;'gkBK dk T[b/y ehsk j?, noEks (1) G{fwek^;z;EkB (toD), (2) efoPwkJh
gqfsGk (r[D), (3) T[d/P^nfGftfbnk; (g[oPkoE) ns/ (4) ihtB^nt;EktK ns/ w{b^pzXB (nkPow). fJj
uko ;'gkB ;z;feqfse ftt;Ek ns/ T[; dh ;zouBk dh fjzd{ ntXkoDk d/ Gkr jB. :'r/Ado f;zx B/ ftt;Ek
ns/ gfotosB d'jK Bz{ Gkosh gozgok dhnK w[~y ftP/PsktK d~f;nk j?. ;'gkB, ;kebtkd ns/ fBozsosk (ftt;Ek)
Bz{ ;ze/s eoB/ jB, ns/ “gfotosB” dh ftnkfynk “nB[Gtkshsk” iK o{gKsoD d/ ;zdoG ft~u ehsh iKdh j?.
Gkosh gozgok ft~u jo t;s{ ;'gkBhfeqs j[zdh j?.
1H3H5
1H3H5 fJ;bkw dh gozgok ns/ ;z;feqshfJ;bkw dh gozgok ns/ ;z;feqsh
1H3H5 fJ;bkw dh gozgok ns/ ;z;feqshfJ;bkw dh gozgok ns/ ;z;feqsh
1H3H5 fJ;bkw dh gozgok ns/ ;z;feqsh
1H3H5
w[;fbw Xow ;z;feqsh eh j?< :'r/Ado f;zx d/ nB[;koL “fjzd{ dhox gozgok dh ;ozuBK d/ ftgohs, fJ;bkw
dh dhox gozgok dk ihtB^fdqPNhe'D T[Zgoh s"o s/ n;'gkfBe j?, fJj gozgok fJ~e/P/totkdkswe ns/
w;hjhfJfsjkf;e j?.” fJ;bkw d/ ihtB fdqPNhe'D ft~u Xow^gquko dk ftP/P ;EkB j?. fJ;bkw

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