Page 25 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

fJekJh^1L Gkosh ;wki
fJekJh^1L Gkosh ;wki
fJekJh^1L Gkosh ;wki
fJekJh^1L Gkosh ;wki
fJekJh^1L Gkosh ;wki
nB[Gtkshs ns/ ;wki e/Adfos th j?. f;XKs o{g ft~u fJ;bkw ft~u g[o'fjs BjhA j[zd/ jB. fJ;bkw BØN
nB[dko ns/ J/eKfse Xow j?. fJj w[;fbw T[bwk dh J/esk (GrsK dh ;w{fjesk) T[Zs/ nkXkfos j?. fJ;
nB[Gtkshsk ns/ ;w{fjesk Bz{ e[okD (Xow^rzqE) ns/ ftfGzB fJ;bkw dhnK gozgoktK s'A :'rdkB fwfbnk
j?. fJ; bJh fJ;bkw Xow ft~u ;wkBsk ns/ ;wsktkd d/ s~s jB. nkozG ft~u fJ;bkw dk gq;ko iBiksh
b'eK ft~u ;wsktkdh ;zd/P Bkb j'fJnk ;h. gqzs{ fJ; s'A pknd fJ;bkw ft~u ifNbsk nk rJh.
ykBkpd'Ptkd s'A fJj fe;kBh ns/ tgkoe noEftt;Ek ft~u gfotofss j' frnk. fJ;bkw dhnK iVK eJh
d/PK ft~u c?b rJhnK. fJ; dk ;o{g ;kwzs^;~sktkdh j' frnk.
Gkos ft~u ;zfynk dh fdqPNh Bkb w[;bwkB d{i/ ;EkB s/ nkT[Ad/ jB. fjzd{nK Bz{ S~v e/ UjBK dk ;G s'A
t~vk ;w{j j?. fJ~e ;j;sokpdh s'A fjzd{ ns/ w[;bwkB fJeZm/ ofjzd/ nkJ/ jB. d't/A ;z;feqshnK,
ihtB^fdqPNhe'D ns/ ihtB g~XshnK fJ~e d{i/ s'A fGzB jB. fJ;bkw ns/ fjzd{ gozgoktK ft~u nzso^feqnk
j'Jh j?, UjBK dk ;zPb/PD j'fJnk j? ns/ Uj fJ~e d{i/ s'A nb~r th ojhnK jB. :'r/Ado f;zx d/ nB[;ko
fJ;bkfwe gozgoktK dhnK fszB w[~y nt;EktK jB. fJj jBL (1) Gkos ft~u fJ;bkw Pk;B dh ntXh,
(2) fpqfNP nkfXgs d/ d"okB ns/ (3) Gkosh ;[szsosk nzd'bB ns/ Gkos dh ;[szsosk ns/ d/P d/ ftGkiB
dh ntXh ft~u. gfjbh nt;Ek ft~u fjzd{ ns/ fJ;bkw gozgoktK ft~u ;zxoP, sBkt ns/ ftt;EkgD ns/
;zs[bB d't/A ;B. w[;fbw Pk;eK B/ T[bwk dh wdd Bkb Xow:[~X (fijkd) ngBkfJnk ;h. fJBQK ;zxoPK
d/ pkti{d, gko;h ;wki d/ Bkb ;zgoe j'D d/ ekoD d'jK gozgoktK d/ iBiksh ;wsktkdh ;o{g ft~u
gfotosB nk frnk ;h. fJ; ;w/A s~e fJ;bkw dh ;wkfie ;zouBk ft~u gq;fEsh ns/ ;BwkB T[Zs/
nkXkfos G/dGktK dk ;wkt/P j' u[ek ;h.
fJ;bkfwe ;wki go'jsK, e[bhBtoD ns/ j'o ;G b'eK ft~u ftGkfis ;h. 12thA ;dh ft~u w[;bwkBK ft~u
tzPkB[rs T[ZsokfXeko th gkfJnk iKdk ;h. d/;h b'eK (ngfotofss ftd/Ph) ft~u nfGiks tor ;wki
dk T[Zusw nzr ;h. nPoc w[;bwkBK ft~u uko Pq/DhnK (;?:d, P/y, w[rb ns/ gmkD) ;B. ;?:d ns/
P/y fJ;bkw d/ e[bhB tor ft~u ;B ns/ T[Zu Xkofwe gdK T[Zs/ nk;hB ;B. w[rb ns/ gmkD :'Xk,
;kwzs^e[bhB ns/ Pk;e ;B. pknd ft~u fJj ;w{j iksh^s[~b ;zouBK ft~u gfotofss j' rJ/, ns/ fJ;bkw
dh gozgok d/ ;zo~fyne pD rJ/. ;{|h gozgok ft~u ;skoK Pq/DhnK ;B. fJ; ft~u skgf;e Bhsh ns/
s~sfwwK;k T[Zs/ pb d/D d/ ekoD fjzd{ ;{ch gozgok s'A gqGkfts j'J/.
1H3H6
1H3H6 fJ;bkw dk Gkosh ;wki T[Zs/ gqGktfJ;bkw dk Gkosh ;wki T[Zs/ gqGkt
1H3H6
1H3H6 fJ;bkw dk Gkosh ;wki T[Zs/ gqGkt
1H3H6 fJ;bkw dk Gkosh ;wki T[Zs/ gqGktfJ;bkw dk Gkosh ;wki T[Zs/ gqGkt
fJ;bkw d/ T[d/ s'A gfjbK ns/ joP d/ Pk;B ekb s'A pknd Gkos ft~u okiBhfse ftxNB ns/ p"fXe nto'X
dk fJ~e d"o nkfJnk. d/P nB/eK S'N/ okiK ft~u tzfvnk frnk ns/ b'eK ft~u ;zehoD fdqPNhe'D ns/
nfGfrnkB T[sgzB j' rJ/. Xkofwe ns/ ;z;feqfse ihtB ft~u n"gukfoetkd ns/ ;~sktkd jkth ;B.
P?ttkd ns/ t?PDtkd ftfPPN Xkofwe gzEK d/ o{g ft~u T[ZGo e/ nkJ/. p[~Xihth nfGiks B/ e'Jh Btkukfoe
Xkofwe b/yD, ftuko iK fN~gDhnK BjhA fbyhnK. r[gs okitzP d/ ;toD :[r dk nzs Pe, j{D ns/ r[oio
Pk;eK d/ j~EK ft~u j'fJnk. gqzs{ fJBQK ftd/PhnK B/ j"bh^j"bh fjzd{ Xow ns/ ;z;feqsh Bz{ ngDk fbnk. fJj
jwbkto nkgD/ nkg Bz{ y~sohnK d/ tzPi efjzd/ ;B. fJjh ;wK okig{s ;z;feqsh, ebk, ;kfjs, ekt^gkm
ns/ BkNe dh P[o{nks ;h. wkbtk, eB"i, pzrkb, ePwho, niw/o, rtkfbno, fus"V, oDEzG"o ns/ wKv{
Bk e/tb okig{s pjkdoh d/ bJh jh gqf;~X ;EkB ;B, pbfe BthA ;z;feqsh, t;s{ebk ns/ ;kfjs d/ bJh
th gqf;~X ;B. d~yD Gkos fJ; ntXh ft~u fBPub fojk, ns/ fJ; bJh T[ZE/ T[Zso Gkos dh soK
okiBhfse ftxNB BjhA j'fJnk. g{o/ gqkdhg ft~u u"b tzP dk Pk;B ;h.
fJfsjk;eko skok uzd B/ nkgDh g[;se, Gkosh ;z;feqsh T[Zs/ fJ;bkw dk gqGkt (nzrq/Ih) ft~u fbfynk
j? fe fJ;bkwh ;z;feqsh d/ gqGkt d/ ekoD d~yD Gkos ft~u ;wkfie ns/ ;z;feqfse g[BoikroD
nkfJnk. Gkos ft~u fJ;bkw d/ nkgD/ s'A eJh ;dhnK gfjbK nop d/ w[;bwkBK d/ d~yD Gkos Bkb
tgkoe ;zpzX ;B. Gkos ns/ JhokB ft~u ;w[zdoh tgko uow ;hwk s/ ;h. e[M ftd/Ph tgkoh sK
;qhbzek ns/ wkbkpko sN T[Zs/ t; th rJ/ ;B. e[M noph w[;bwkB f;zX ns/ r[ioks ft~u th nkJ/
gqzs{ UjBK dk gqGkt ;hfws ;h. 12thA ;dh s'A Gkosh ;wki T[Zs/ fJ;bkwh ;z;feqsh dk gqGkt ;gPN
fdykJh fdzdk j?.

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