Page 26 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
BØN n?uH ghH PqhfBtk; w{osh ns/ n?;H :{H ekEw B/ Gkosh ;wki T[Zs/ fJ;bkw d/ gqGkt d/ Bekoksfwe ns/
;ekoswe d'jK gfjb{nK T[Zs/ gqekP gkfJnk j?. UjBK d/ nB[;ko “fjzd{ ;wki Bz{ x'o ikshtkd ns/ nBzB
pDkUD ft~u fJ;bkw go'y o{g ft~u T[ZsodkJh j?. fjzd{ n"osK ft~u godk gqEk fbnkUAdh rJh ns/ ;sh
gqEk Bz{ nfXe em'o pDkfJnk frnk. pkb ftnkj nfXe iBfgqn j'J/.”

1H3H7
1H3H7 fjzd{ ns/ w[;fbw ;z;feqshnK dk ;zPb/PDfjzd{ ns/ w[;fbw ;z;feqshnK dk ;zPb/PD
1H3H7 fjzd{ ns/ w[;fbw ;z;feqshnK dk ;zPb/PD
1H3H7 fjzd{ ns/ w[;fbw ;z;feqshnK dk ;zPb/PDfjzd{ ns/ w[;fbw ;z;feqshnK dk ;zPb/PD
1H3H7
fjzdh ft~u ;{|h b/yeK d/ b/yD Bkb fjzdh dk ftek; j'fJnk. fjzdh ns/ gko;h GkPktK s'A fwb e/ T[od{
fJ~e fwPfos GkPk d/ o{g ft~u T[ZGo e/ nkJh. Gkosh ;zrhs th fJ;bkw s'A pj[s gqGkfts j'fJnk.
gko;h ;zrhs d/ gqGkt Bkb fjzd[;skBh ;zrhs ft~u fynkb fijh BthA P?bh dk T[d/ j'fJnk. spbk ns/
f;sko fij/ Bt/A tkd :zso th ftef;s j'J/. t;s{ebk d/ y/so ft~u Gkosh^w[;fbw P?bh, fi; ft~u
t~v/ ftjV/, nfsftPkb r[zpd, dotkI/ ns/ whBko T[Zs/ I'o fd~sk iKdk j?, T[ZGo e/ nkJh. fjzd{nK d/
oj~;tkd s'A ;{chtkd pj[s gqGkfts j'fJnk. fJ;bkw d/ J/e/Potkdh ftukoK B/ fjzd{ ;wki Bz{ gqGkfts
ehsk, ftP/P eo e/ epho fij/ Grsh nzd'bB d/ e[M nrqDhnK Bz{. w[rb ekb ft~u Grsh nzd'bB dk
T[d/ fJ~e wj~stg{oB xNBk ;h. Grsh nzd'bB d/ B/sk oj~;tkdh ;zs ;B. UjBK B/ fejk fe gowkswk
fJ~e j?. JhPto d/ pko/ ft~u ;kotG"fwesk, gq/w ns/ ;wkBsk fij/ r[DK dk UjBK B/ gquko ehsk. fJ;
;zgodkJ/ d/ w[~y ;woEe t?PDtkdh ;B. d~yD Gkos Grsh nzd'bB dk w[~y e/Ado ;h. sfwbBkv{ d/
B:Bko (P?ttkdh) ns/ nkbkto (t?PDtkdh) ;w[dktK B/ Grsh^;zrhs rk rk e/ fJ; nzd'bB Bz{ iBfgqn
pDkfJnk. ;zs okwkB[i ns/ wkXt fJ; d/ w[~y eoBXko ;B. okwkB[I B/ ftfPPN ndt?s (;hfws
ndt?stkd), ns/ wkXt B/ dt?stkd dh f;~fynk fd~sh. 12thA ;dh ft~u ;zs p;ktk B/ thoP?ttkd
(fJ~e T[s;kjh P?t ;zgodkJ/) dk gquko ehsk. okwkBzd (okwGrsh d/ fJ~e gqukoe) epho frnkBd/t
ns/ o?dk; j'o Grsh ;zs ;B fiBQK B/ T[Zso Gkos ft~u ndt?stkd dk gquko ehsk. ftPD{ ns/ okw
Grsh d/ gquko ft~u Uj b'e w[~y s"o s/ b~r/ oj/. Grsh dk e'Jh fJ~e Xow BjhA ;h. epho gzE B/
;kotG"few ftPt^pzX[st, gq/w ns/ fjzd{ ns/ w[;bwkBK ft~u PKsh dk gquko ehsk. u?szB wjKgqG{,
s[b;hdk;, ;{odk; ns/ whok B/ Grsh nzd'bB ns/ fjzdh ;kfjs Bz{ wIp{s pDkfJnk.
fJ~e Bt/A Xow dhB^J/^fJbkjh dk gquko eo e/ w[rb pkdPkj nepo B/ fjzd{, fJ;bkw, i?B ns/ gko;h
XowK d/ th ;zPb/PD Bz{ gkUD dh e'fPP ehsh. ;kfjseko nwho y[;o' B/ w[;fbw ;z;feqsh ft~u fjzd{tkd
Bz{ gqftPN eotkUD dh e'fPP ehsh. nB/eK ethnK B/ fjzdh ft~u ouBktK ehshnK. nB/eK b'eK B/ fJBQK
d'jK XowK d/ ;z;feqfse J/eheoB bJh :kuBktK ehshnK. fJ; ;zPb/PD d/ Bkb Bkb fJ;bkw, gqPk;B ns/
w[;fbw g[o'fjs tor d/ ;woEB Bkb o{VQhtkdh o;s/ T[Zs/ ubdk fojk. w[;bwkB ekIh (fBnKXhP), w[|sh
(T[gd/Pe), cDhdko (fiBQK gqPk;B) ns/ dopkoh (gfjo/dko) nkofEe bkG ns/ ;~sk d/ gdK T[Zs/ ezw eoB/
;B. UjBK B/ fJ;bkwh ;z;feqsh Bz{ tXkUD ft~u :'rdkB fd~sk.
fpqfNP ekb ft~u w[;bwkBK dh gqfsPmk ns/ Pesh ft~u ewh nkJh. okiBhfse Pesh ns/ t?Xsk d/ gsB
d/ ekoD w[;bwkB nfGiks tor ns/ fJ;bkwh gozgok Bz{ rfjok X~ek b~frnk. w[;bwkBK ft~u rohph B/
xo eo fbnk ns/ UjBK dh f;~fynk g~Xsh ft~u th rfjo/ gfotosB j'J/. fJ;bkw dhnK ;wBttkdh ns/
T[dko gqftoshnK ewI'o g? rJhnK ns/ 8thA ;dh dh soK dh o{Vhtkfdsk ns/ g[BoikroD B/ UjBK dk
;EkB b? fbnk. :'r/Ado f;zx d/ nB[;ko, 19thA ;dh d/ Xow ;[Xko nzd'bB d/ pko/ ft~u d' fto'XkGk;h
wskftbzph ;BL (1) T[dkotkd ns/ PKshg{oB ;[Xko d/ bJh, (2) nfXe e~NogzEsk ns/ ;?fBetkd d/ bJh.
d{i/ ws^;woEe PkfJd gkfe;skB d/ fBowkD d/ bJh T[ZsodkJh ;B. 20thA ;dh d/ nkozG ft~u ;[szsosk
;zrqkw d/ ;zdoG ft~u ;zpzX d' ;soK s/ ;BL (1) fJ;bkwh gozgok d/ Bkb Xow^fBog~y ftukoK tkb/ ns/
eZNVgzEh w[;fbw nfGiks tor d/ w~X ns/ (2) fjzd{ nfGiks dk w[;bwkB nfGiks d/ Bkb ;zpzX. ;[szso
Gkos ft~u w[;bwkBK B/ fjzd{nK d/ ;wkB ;~sk ns/ okiBhfse pokpoh dh wzr ehsh. UjBK Bz{ vo ;h fe
UjBK d/ Bkb ;[szsosk s'A pknd gfjbK fijk fttjko BjhA ehsk ikt/rk. fJ; bJh UjBK B/ fJ~e w[;fbw
oki gkfe;skB dh ;EkgBk bJh nzd'bB ehsk. UjBK B/ ;'funk fe w[;fbw oki dh ;EkgBk Bkb Bk e/
tb UjBK Bz{ y'Jh j'Jh ;~sk ns/ gqfsPmk jh gqkgs j't/rh, pbfe Uj fJ;bkwh gozgok, ;z;feqsh ns/
okPNotkd dk g[BoikroD th eo gkUDr/.

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