Page 60 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
BØN pknd ;zpzfXs g~yK d[nkok jh T[; Bz{ nB[w'fds Bk ehsk ikt/. nB[w'dB iK n;thfeqsh d/ fJ; nfXeko
Bz{ “y?o{b pkfbr” efjzd/ jB. nbgftn;e ftnkj Bz{ n;theko (repudiate) eo ;edk j? i/eo Uj fJj
f;~X eo ;e/ fe T[; d/ ;zo~fyneK B/ bkgotkjh iK X'ykXVh Bkb ;zftdk ehsk j?. T[dkjoD bJh T[; dk
ftnkj gkrb bVeh Bkb ikD^p[~M e/ ehsk frnk ;h, iK w/jo T[; d/ nfjs ft~u s?n j'fJnk nkfd. ftnkj
dh n;thfeqsh bJh bVe/ bJh e'Jh ;hwk s?n BjhA j?, gqzs{ bVeh d/ wkwb/ ft~u :[esh;zrs (reasonable)
;wK fd~sk iKdk j? ns/ T[; Bz{ d~; fd~sk iKdk j? fe T[; Bz{ ftnkj n;theko eoD dk nfXeko j?. bVek
iK sK w"fye nfGftnesh d[nkok iK w/jo dh oew ndk eo e/ iK fco :"B ;z;or Bkb ftnkj Gzr eo
;edk j?. 1938 d/ w[;fbw ftnkj Gzr nfXfB:w d/ nzsors ftnkj Gzr dk toD (option) eoB ft~u
;[Xko eo fbnk frnk ;h fi; d/ nzsors n"os Bz{ :"B gfog~esk gqkgs eoD d/ fszB ;kb pknd s~e
ftnkj^ft~S/d bJh ;wK gqdkB ehsk frnk j?, :kBh fe 18 ;kb dh T[wo s~e i/eo :"B ;zpzX ;Ekfgs Bk
ehsk frnk j't/.
w[;fbw ftnkj dk shik b~SD fJj j? fe “;wkBsk d/ f;XKs” (doctrine of equality) dk gkbD Io{o eoBk
ukjhdk j?. ukj/ fBwB ;so d/ ftnesh Bkb ftnkj ;zftdk eoD dk e'Jh ekBz{Bh fBP/X BjhA j?, fco th
fJ; gqeko d/ ftnkj Bz{ jhD fdqPNh Bkb d/fynk iKdk j?. fJ;/ soK G~i e/ ehs/ rJ/ ftnkj (fec Kifa)
Bz{ wkBsk gqkgs BjhA j?, fco th bVehnK xo s'A G~i e/ iK fBwB iK T[Zu ;so T[Zs/ ftuko ehs/ fpBK
nkgDh g;zd d/ bVfenK Bkb ftnkj eo jh b?AdhnK jB. “;[zBhnK” ft~u to d/ g~y ft~u ;wkfie jhDsk
dk gqPB ftnkj o~d eoD bJh t~vk ekoD j' ;edk j? gqzs{ “Phnk” b'eK ft~u BjhA j?.

w[;fbw ftnkj dk u"Ek b~SD j? “nfXwkDe ftt;Ek” (preferential system) ihtB ;kEh d/ u[Bkt ft~u,
gfjbh nfXwkDsk ftfbzr ;j'doi (parallel cousin) Bz{ ns/ T[; s'A pknd ftfbzr ;j'doi (cross
cousin) Bz{ fd~sh iKdh j?. ukj/ d't/A gqeko d/ ;fbzr ;j'doi ftnkj (uu/ok ns/ w";/ok) dk ubB (practice)
fwbdk j?, fco th ;j'doi ftnkj ft~u c[c/ok ftnkj Bz{ wkBsk BjhA fd~sh rJh j?. gqzs{ n~ie~b fe;/ th
;j'doi ftnkj Bz{ gfjb BjhA fd~sh iKdh (S.C. Misra, 1956 : 153). 1986 ft~u i?g[o oki;EkB ft~u
136 w[;fbwK T[Zs/ ehs/ rJ/ fJ~e ;wkiPk;soh nfXn?B s'A gsk ubdk j? fe e/tb 11# noEks 15
w[;bwkBK B/ jh nkgD/ ;j'doiK (cousins) Bkb ftnkj ehs/. fJBK ft~u'A th (wod Bz{ Jhr' wzB e/ ) uko
B/ nkgDh uu/oh G?DK Bkb, 6 B/ ww/oh G?DK Bkb ns/ 5 B/ w';/oh G?DK Bkb ftnkj ehsk ;h. n~ie~b i'
;j'doiK Bz{ gfjb gqdkB BjhA ehsh ik ojh j?, PkfJd T[; d/ eJh ekoDK ft~u'A e[M fJj th j' ;ed/ jB^
gfotko s'A pkjo nfXe dj/I fwbD dh ;zGktBk, Bt/A ftneshnK Bkb foPs/dkoh tXkUDk ns/ ;j'doiK
dk fJ~e d{i/ s'A pj[s d{o ofjDk.
fjzd{nK ft~u e[M ikshnK ft~u gkJh ikD tkbh gqEk d/ T[bN ftXtk i/eo g[Bo^ftnkj eoD dh fJ~S[e j?
sK Uj nkgD/ fwqse gsh d/ GkJh Bz{ gfjb gqdkB eoD bJh wip{o BjhA j?. fJ; gqeko w[;fbwK ft~u Gkph
ftnkj (Levirate) dk gqubB BjhA j?. fJBK d/ ;wki ft~u ;kbh ftnkj (Sororate) Bz{ th wkBsk gqkgs
BjhA j?. gqzs{ fwqse iK sbkeP[dk gsBh dh G?D Bkb ftnkj dh nkfrnk j?.
w/jo
w/jo
w/jo (Dower)
w/jo
w/jo
w/jo Uj XB iK ;zgsh j? i' ftnkj d/ gqshcb d/ o{g ft~u gsBh nkgD/ gsh s'A b?D dh nfXekoh j[zdh
j?. fJ~E/ “ftnkj d/ gqshcb” dk gq:'r Gkosh ;wM"sk nfXfB:w d/ nB[o{g BjhA ehsk frnk j?. w[;fbw
fB:wK d/ nzsors “w/jo” gsh T[Zs/ fJ~e eos~t (obligation) j? i' fe gsBh d/ gsh nkdo dk ;{ue
j[zdk j?. fJ; gqeko fJj tX{^w[~b (bride price) BjhA j?. fJ; d/ w[~y T[d/P jB^ gsh T[Zs/ gsBh Bz{ sbke
d/D ;zpzXh fB:zsoD eoBk ns/ gsh dh w"s iK sbke s'A pknd n"os Bz{ nkgD/ gkbD^g'PD d/ :'r pDkUDk.
w/jo dh XB okPh ftnkj s'A gfjbK, pknd ft~u, iK fco ftnkj ;w/A fBPfus ehsh ik ;edh j?. ukj/
fJj XB okPh x~N BjhA ehsh ik ;edh j?, fco th gsh dh fJ~Sk Bkb fJ; ft~u tkXk ehsk ik ;edk j?.
gsBh ukj/ sK fJ; XBokPh Bz{ xNkUD bJh ;fjws j' ;edh j? iK fco fJ; ;koh XBokPh Bz{ nkgD/ gsh
iK T[; d/ T[ZsokfXekohnK Bz{ G/AN ;o{g gqdkB eo ;edh j?. d'jK g~yK ft~u fBPfus ehsh rJh w/jo dh
XBokPh Bz{ “fBofdPN” (Specified) efjzd/ jB. w/jo dh x~N s'A x~N XBokPh 10 dow (Dirham) j[zdh
j?, gqzs{ nfXesw dh e'Jh ;hwk fBPfus BjhA j?. id'A w/jo dh okPh fBPfus Bk eo e/ i' T[fus ;wMd/

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