Page 64 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
BØN bJh 32 ;kbk gsh s'A 600 o[gJ/ wjhBk g'PD G~sk fd~s/ ikD d/ nkd/P fd~s/. w[;fbw B/sktK B/ fJ; fBoD/
Bz{ th “Pohns” ft~u j;sy/g ns/ w[;fbw wfjbk sbke n?eN (Muslim Women’s Divorce Act) d/
gqktXkBK dk T[bzxD d~f;nk. nfyb Gkosh w[;fbw go;Bb bk p'ov (The All India Muslim Personal
Law Board) B/ sK T[Zu fBnkb/ ft~u fJ; fBoD/ d/ fto[~X fJ~e g[BofBohyD :kfuek (review petition)
th dkfyb ehsh.
sbke^J/^ T[b^fpds gqEk (fi; ft~u fszB tko x'PDk eoD s/ sbke j' iKdk j?) Bz{ fJbkjkpkd T[Zu fBnkb/
B/ ngq?b 1994 ft~u nt?X d~f;nk. fJ; fBnkb/ B/ Pohns (Muslim Personal Law) n?eN, 1937 ft~u
gsh d/ fJ~e jh ;w/A fszB tko sbke efj d/D s/ sbke d/D d/ nfXeko dk g[Bo^fBohyD ehsk ns/ fBoDk
fd~sk fe fJ; gqeko dk sbke n"os dh rfowk d/ ns/ jo Bkrfoe d/ w"fbe nfXekoK ns/ eos~tK d/ fto[~X
j?. ii ;kfjp dh fJj th wkBsk ;h fe fJ~e jh tko ft~u nfBo;fBe (irrevocable) x'PDk eo e/ ftnkj
ysw eoBk fJ;bkw ;[Bzs (Islam Sunnat) d/ nzsors gkg (Sin) wzfBnk frnk j?. fJ; bJh ii dk
ftuko ;h fe toswkB ;w/A d/ nB[e{b w[;fbw ftnkj ns/ sbke nkfd ftfPnK T[Zs/ BtK ekBz{B pDBk
ukjhdk j?. w[;fbw B/sktK B/ fJ; wkwb/ Bz{ th ndkbs d/ nfXeko y/so s'A go/ wzfBnk ns/ T[Zu fBnkb/
ft~u nghb ehsh. ;ot^T[Zu ndkbs B/ i[bkJh 1994 ft~u fJbkjkpkd d/ fBnKXhP fsbjkoh d/ fBoD/ Bz{
n;theko eo fd~sk.
d{i/ gk;/ e[M ftdtkBK dk ftuko j? fe j[D ;wK nk frnk j? fe w[;fbw n"osK Bz{ okiBhfse nkXko s/ nkgD/
nkg Bz{ ;zrfms eo e/ ftnkj, sbke nkfd ekBz{BK ft~u ;zP'XB bJh ns/ ekBz{Bh ;zo~fynD, ;wkfie^nkofEe
;zgkbD ns/ ;zgsh ftok;s ;zpzXh nfXeko nkfd gqkgs eoD bJh bVBk ukjhdk j?. ;oeko iK o{Vhtkdh
Xkofwe B/sk w[;fbw n"osK dh ;fEsh T[Zuk eoD ft`~u o{uh b?Dr/ fJ; dh ;zGktBk BjhA j?.fJ; bJh
n"osK Bz{ jh nkgD/ nkg Bz{ okiBhfse nkXko s/ ;zrfms eo e/ nkgD/ bJh nkofEe ns/ ;wkfie gfotosBK
bJh e'fPPK eoBhnK j'DrhnK.
3H3H5
3H3H5 fjzd{ ns/ w[;fbw ftnkj ft~u nzso fjzd{ ns/ w[;fbw ftnkj ft~u nzso
3H3H5 fjzd{ ns/ w[;fbw ftnkj ft~u nzso
3H3H5 fjzd{ ns/ w[;fbw ftnkj ft~u nzso fjzd{ ns/ w[;fbw ftnkj ft~u nzso
3H3H5
fjzd{ ns/ w[;fbw ftnkjK ft~u fBwBfbfys uko nkXkoK T[Zs/ G/d ehsk ik ;edk j?^ (i) ftnkj d/
T[d/P ns/ nkdoPK d/ nkXko s/, (ii) ftnkj ftt;Ek d/ ;o{g d/ nkXko s/, (iii) ftnkj dh gqfeqsh d/
nkXko s/ (iv) ftnkj ;zpzXK d/ nkXko s/.
H T[d/P ns/ nkdoP
H T[d/P ns/ nkdoP
H T[d/P ns/ nkdoP
IH T[d/P ns/ nkdoPH T[d/P ns/ nkdoP
fjzd{ ftnkj ft~u Xow ns/ Xkofwe GktBktK dh wj~stg{oD G{fwek j[zdh j?, gqzs{ w[;fbw ftnkj ft~u
GktBktK dk e'Jh ;EkB BjhA j[zdk. ;G Xkofwe feqnktK sK jh wkDe j[zdhnK jB id'A fe gsh gsBh fwb
e/ UBK Bz{ g{ok eoD. fjzd{ ftnkj nkdoP d/ fto[~X w[;fbw ftnkj wkso fJ~e ;wM"sk (contract) j[zdk
j? fi; Bkb :"B ;zpzX ;Ekfgs j' ;eD ns/ ;zskB T[sgsh j' ;e/.

H ftnkj ftt;Ek d/ ;o{g
IIH ftnkj ftt;Ek d/ ;o{gH ftnkj ftt;Ek d/ ;o{g
H ftnkj ftt;Ek d/ ;o{g
H ftnkj ftt;Ek d/ ;o{g
“gq;skt o~yDk” ns/ T[; dh “;thfeqsh” w[;fbw ftnkj dhnK ftP/PsktK jB. gq;skt ezfBnk g~y t~b'A
nkUAdk j?. fi; p?me ft~u gq;skt nkUAdk j? T[;/ ft~u ;theko th ehsk ikDk ukjhdk j? ns/ fJ; ft~u
d' rtkjK (witnesses) dk j'Dk th Io{oh j[zdk j?. fjzd{nK ft~u nfijk fotkI BjhA j?. w[;fbw fJ; r~b
s/ I'o fdzd/ jB fe ftnesh ft~u ;zftdk dh eh :'rsk j? gqzs{ fjzd{ fJ; gqeko dh :'rsk ft~u ftPtk; BjhA
eod/. w[;fbw b'e w/jo dh gqEk dk gkbD eod/ jB id'A fe fjzd{nK ft~u w/jo dh gqEk BjhA j[zdh. w[;fbw
b'e pj[^ftnkj (polygamy) ft~u ftPtk; eod/ jB, gqzs{ fjzd{ nfijh gqEk dk fso;eko eod/ jB. ihtB
;kEh d/ u[Bkt bJh w[;fbw b'e gfjb (preferential) ftt;Ek wzBd/ jB id'A fe fjzd{nK ft~u nfijh
ftt;Ek BjhA j?. w[;fbwK dh soK fjzd{ b'e “ckf;d” iK “pkfsb” ftnkj ft~u th ftPtk; BjhA eod/.
ftnkj dh gqfeqsh
ftnkj dh gqfeqsh
III. ftnkj dh gqfeqsh ftnkj dh gqfeqsh
ftnkj dh gqfeqsh
w[;fbw n;EkJh ftnkj “w[sk” Bz{ wzBd/ jB, gqzs{ fjzd{ BjhA wzBd/. fjzd{ ftnkj ft~u ;wM"s/ bJh “fJ~ds”
Bz{ BjhA wzBd/. nzfsw, fjzd{ b'e ftXtk ftnkj Bz{ jhD fdqPNh Bkb d/yd/ jB, id'A fe w[;fbw b'e ftXtk
ftnkj ft~u ftPtk; o~yd/ jB.

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