Page 61 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

fJekJh^3L ftnkj
fJekJh^3L ftnkj
fJekJh^3L ftnkj
fJekJh^3L ftnkj
fJekJh^3L ftnkj
jB, Uj fdzd/ jB sK fJ; okPh Bz{ “T[fus” (w[Bkf;p) w/jo efjzd/ jB. T[fus w/jo okPh fBPfus eod/ BØN
;w/A gsh ns/ T[;d/ gfotko d/ nkofEe ;so dk ;~wkB eoBk g?Adk j? iK fco n"os d/ fgsk d/ gfotko
ft~u d{ihnK n"osK T[Zs/ fBPfus ehs/ rJ/ w/jo Bz{ th fXnkB d/Dk g?Adk j? (fit/A T[; dh G?D iK G{nk),
iK fco gsh d/ gfotko d/ wod w/ApoK d[nkok fBPfus ehs/ rJ/ w/jo dk th fXnkB o~yDk g?Adk j?. w/jo dh
okPh w[~y o{g Bkb gsh dh nkofEe ;fEsh Bz{ fXnkB ft~u o~y e/ fBPfus ehsh iKdh j?. fJj s~E 1986
ft~u i?g[o ft~u 136 w[;bwkBK d/ nfXn?B s'A gqekP ft~u nkfJnk. 136 T[ZsodksktK Bz{ 500 o[gJ/ s~e,
500 s'A 1000 o[gJ/ s~e, 1000 s'A 5000 o[gJ/ s~e ns/ 5000 s'A T[Zgo o[gJ/ wkf;e t/sB d/ ukjo ;w{jK
ft~u tzfvnk frnk ;h. gfjb/ ;w{j ft~u btGr 14# b'e ;B, d{i/ ft~u 77#, shi/ ft~u 7# ns/ u"E/
ft~u 2# ftnesh ;B. UBK ;{uBk dksktK Bz{ fiBK B/ w/jo okPh fd~sh ;h, fJj ;zfynk eqwkB[;ko gfjb/
ft~u 50#, d{i/ ft~u 27#, shi/ ft~u 16# ns/ u"E/ ft~u 7# ;h. fJ; s'A ;gPN j? fe fszBK ;w{jK ft~u
fBPfus ehsh rJh w/jo dh okPh ftnesh dh nkofEe ywsk s'A e[M nfXe jh ;h fi; s'A brdk j? fe
PkfJd gsh nkgDh gsBh ns/ T[; d/ wksk fgsk Bz{ Go';k d/Dk ukj[zdk j? fe Uj gsBh Bz{ nk;kBh Bkb sbke
BjhA d/t/rk.
wzr/ ikD T[Zs/ fd~sh ikD tkbh w/jo dh okPh Bz{ (c'oh) “s[ozs” (Prompt) w/jo efjzd/ jB ns/ i' w/jo
ftnkj^ft~S/d s'A pknd fd~sk ikt/, T[; Bz{ “;Efrs” (Deferred) w/jo efjzd/ jB. Phnk b'eK ft~u id'A
e'Jh nB[pzX (stipulation) BjhA j[zdk sK w/jo “c'oh” wzfBnk iKdk j?, gqzs{ ;[zBhnK ft~u fJ;' soK dh e'Jh
wkBsk BjhA j[zdh.

w/jo dk ;zpzX ftnkj d/ ‘T[gGrs’ (;fjtk;) j'D s'A th j[zdk j?.ftnkj d/ T[gGrs (consummaption)
j'D s/ n"os dk w/jo T[Zs/ nfXeko g{ok j' iKdk j?. fJj T[gGrsh iK sK tk;sfte ;zpzX ;Ekfgs eo
e/ j' ;edh j? iK T[; gqeko fi; Bz{ ekBz{B nfijk wzBdk j?, fit/A gsh iK gsBh dh w"s j' ikt/ iK m';
nkXko T[Zs/ nb~r j' ikD. gsh d[nkok ftnkj ysw ehs/ ikD s/ iK bKfSs nkfd ehs/ ikD s'A pknd nb~r
j'D dh ;fEsh ft~u gsBh n~X/ “fBofdPN” (Specific) w/jo dh nfXekoh j' iKdh j?. i/eo w/jo (Mutat)
dk T[b/y Bk ehsk frnk j't/ sK Uj “w[sks” w/jo dh nfXekoh j[zdh j?. i/eo gsh gsBh, gsBh dh gfjb
(initiative) T[Zs/ nb~r j'J/ jB sK Uj fe;/ th gqeko d/ w/jo dh nfXekoh BjhA j[zdh (i/eo ftnkj dh
T[gGrsh BjhA j'Jh j?.).
w[;fbw ekBz{B d/ nzsors w/jo bJh ftXtk dk dktk nkgD/ gsh dh G{^;zgsh d/ fto[~X fJ~e eoI j?. gsh
dh ;zgsh ft~u gsBh dk UBK jh nfXeko j? fizBk j'o dkt/dkoK dk j?. Uj w/jo dh oew ndk ehs/ ikD
s~e g{oh ;zgsh Bz{ nkgD/ e'b o'e ;edh j?. ;zgsh Bz{ nkgD/ nfXeko ft~u eoD bJh T[; Bz{ j'o fe;/ tkfo;
s'A nkfrnk b?D dh Io{os BjhA jz[dh. gqzs{ i/eo sbke “y[~bk” iK “w[pkos” j'fJnk j? sK n"os dk w/jo
T[Zs/ nfXeko ysw j' iKdk j?, feUAfe d'tK jh wkwfbnK ft~u gsh gsBh fwb e/ ftnkj Gzr eoD bJh
;fjws j[zd/ jB.
3H3H3 “w[sk” ftnkj “w[sk” ftnkj
3H3H3
3H3H3 “w[sk” ftnkj
3H3H3
3H3H3 “w[sk” ftnkj “w[sk” ftnkj
w[;bwkBK ft~u th n;EkJh gqeko d/ ftnkj dk gqubB j? fi; Bz{ “w[sk” ftnkj efjzd/ jB. fJj ftnkj
n"os ns/ wod d/ nkg;h ;wM"s/ Bkb j[zdk j? ns/ fJ; ft~u e'Jh th foPs/dko j;sy/g BjhA eodk. wod
Bz{ fJ~e w[;fbw iK :j{dh iK fJ;kJh n"os Bkb “w[sk” ftnkj d/ ;zftdk dk nfXeko j?, gqzs{ fJ~e n"os
fJ~e r?o^w[;fbw Bkb “w[sk” ;zftdk BjhA eo ;edh j?. “w[sk” ftnkj s'A gqkgs gsBh Bz{ “f;xk”
(Sigha) BK Bkb ikfDnk ikdk j?. n~ie~b Gkos ns/ gkfe;skB ft~u fJ; ftnkj dk gqubB BjhA j?. fJj
e/tb nop d/PK ft~u jh gqufbs j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk fJj ftnkj Phnk b'eK ft~u jh t?X wzfBnk iKdk j?
ns/ ;[zBhnK ft~u BjhA.fJ; soK d/ ftnkj dh t?Xsk bJh d' r~bK bJh Io{oh jB^ (i) ;fjtk;
(cohabitation) dh ntXh gfjbK jh fBPfus ehsh ikDh ukjdh j? (ii) w/jo dh okPh th gfjbK jh fBPfus
j'Dh ukjhdh j?. i/eo ntXh fBPfus BjhA j? ns/ w/jo fBPfus j? sK ftnkj ;EkJh wzfBnk iKdk j?, gqzs{
i/eo ntXh fBPfus j? ns/ w/jo fBPfus BjhA j? sK ftnkj nt?X (void) wzfBnk iKdk j?. i/eo ntXh
fBPfus j? ns/ ;fjtk; ntXh ysw j'D s'A pknd th ubdk ofjzdk j? sK fJj wzB fbnk iKdk j? fe ntXh
tXk fd~sh rJh j?, ns/ fJ; ftueko T[sgzB j'Jh ;zskB th t?X wzBh ikdh j?, ns/ n"os d/ ;r/ foPs/

55

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY