Page 204 - DECO404_PUBLIC_FINANCE_HINDI

yksd foÙk

uksV vkfFkZd thou dks izHkkfor dj ldrk gS] bldk egÙo dkiQh c<+ x;k gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] ljdkjh O;;
mRiknu rFkk forj.k osQ Lrj dks vkSj vkfFkZd fØ;kvksa osQ lkekU; Lrj dks izHkkfor dj ldrk gSA

izkphu fopkjèkkjk (Classical Views)
izkphu vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa us lkoZtfud O;; ij cgqr de è;ku fn;k FkkA rRdkyhu jkT; dk dk;Z{ks=k lhfer gksus osQ
dkj.k mUgksaus lkoZtfud O;; osQ fl¼kUr dks vko';d ugha le>kA 'kkL=kh; ;k izkphu vFkZ'kkL=kh O;fDrxr
vkfFkZd LorU=krk ij tksj nsrs FksA os ugha pkgrs Fks fd jkT; vFkZO;oLFkk esa vuko';d gLr{ksi djsA ;gh og
dkj.k gS] ftlls 'kkL=kh; vFkZ'kkL=kh jkT; osQ dk;Z{ks=k dh lhfer j[kuk pkgrs FksA ts- ch- ls (J. B. Say)
1
osQ fopkjkuqlkjµ¶foÙk dh lkjh ;kstukvksa esa loksZÙke og gS] ftlesa de [kpZ fd;k tk;sA¸
,Me fLeFk dk er Fkk fd jkT; osQ dk;Z U;k;] izfrj{kk vkSj oqQN lkoZtfud lsokvksa osQ izcUèk rd gh lhfer
jgus pkfg,A ,d vesfjdu vkykspd osQ erkuqlkj ¶iqjkus vaxzst ys[kdksa dks O;; osQ fl¼kUr dh vko';drk
ugha Fkh] D;ksafd ljdkj osQ lEcUèk esa mudk tks fl¼kUr Fkk] mldk rkRi;Z Fkk ljdkjh dk;ks± dh ,d fuf'pr
lhekA¸ 2
lj ikjusy osQ 'kCnksa esaµ¶lkekftd O;oLFkk dks cuk;s j[kus rFkk fons'kh vkØe.kksa ls j{kk osQ fy, vfr
vko';d O;; ls vfèkd O;; dk izR;sd Hkkx viO;; gS rFkk turk ij vU;k;iw.kZ rFkk vR;kpkjiw.kZ Hkkj gSA¸ 3
bl izdkj izkphu vFkZ'kkL=kh jkT; osQ dk;ks± dks lhfer j[kuk pkgrs Fks] D;ksafd os ljdkjh dk;ks± dks izk;%
vuqRikyd rFkk lekt dks dksbZ fo'ks"k ykHk u nsus okys ekurs FksA

vkèkqfud fopkjèkkjk (Modern Views)

vktdy izkphu vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa dh mi;qZDr fopkjèkkjk dks lgh ugha dgk tk ldrk] D;ksafd orZeku ;qx osQ jkT;
izkphu ;qx osQ jkT;ksa dh Hkk¡fr iqfyl jkT; u gksdj] dY;k.kdkjh jkT; gSaA dY;k.kdkjh jkT; dks turk dk
vfèkd dY;k.k&dk;Z djuk iM+rk gS] ftlesa ljdkj dks lkekftd dY;k.k vkSj vkfFkZd fodkl osQ fy, vusd
mís';ksa dks iwjk djus gsrq Hkkjh ek=kk esa O;; djuk iM+rk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd orZeku jkT;ksa osQ dk;ks± esa i;kZIr
o`f¼ gks xbZ gSA vktdy lkoZtfud O;; izk;% fuEufyf[kr dk;ks± osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gSµ
(v) lqj{kk osQ fy,]
(vk) lekt osQ nfyr oxks± dh j{kk osQ fy,]
(b) lekt osQ fodkl osQ fy,]
(bZ) lkoZtfud m|ksxksa dh LFkkiuk osQ fy,]

(m) O;kikj&pØksa osQ izHkkoksa dks de djus osQ fy,]
(Å) izkÑfrd izdksiksa dks nwj djus osQ fy,]
(,) tuksi;ksxh lsokvksa osQ fy,]
(,s) iz'kklfud lsokvksa osQ fy,A

1. “The very best of all plans of finance is to spend little.” —J.B. Say.
2. “The older English workers did not need a theory of expenditure because the theory of
government which they held implied a fixed limit to government functions.”
—Quoted by Hugh Dalton, op. cit., p. 139.
3. “Every particle of expenditure beyond what necessity absolutely requires for the
preservation of social order and for protection against foreign attack it waste and an
unjust and oppressive imposition of the public.”
—Quoted by Adams, Science of Finance p. 50.

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