Page 206 - DECO404_PUBLIC_FINANCE_HINDI

yksd foÙk

uksV lsok,¡ miyCèk djkus osQ fy, vFkok xSj&ljdkjh vkfFkZd xfrfofèk;ksa dh lhek fuèkkZfjr djus osQ fy,A blls
èku rFkk vk; osQ forj.k vkSj Je dh n'kkvksa esa Hkh lqèkkj dh lEHkkouk jgrh gSA ijUrq jk"Vªh;dj.k fd;s x;s
m|ksxksa dh {kfr iwfrZ osQ Hkqxrku rFkk mu m|ksxksa dh LFkkiuk o lapkyu osQ fy, ljdkj dks Hkkjh ek=kk esa O;;
djus iM+rs gSaA blosQ vfrfjDr] ljdkj futh O;olk; rFkk O;kikj dks Hkh blfy, vius vfèkdkj esa ys ldrh
gS ftlls og leL;kvksa dks gy dj losQ rFkk jktdks"k (treasury) osQ fy, vfèkd ykHk dek losQA
(5) Ñf"k fodkl (Development of Agriculture)—fdlh ns'k fo'ks"kdj Hkkjr tSls fodkl'khy ns'k dh
vFkZO;oLFkk dk Ñf"k fodkl mldh vFkZO;oLFkk osQ fodkl dh èkqjh gksrk gSA vkfFkZd fodkl osQ fy, Ñf"k
rFkk xSj&Ñf"k nksuksa {ks=kksa osQ fodkl djus osQ fy, lqfoèkk,¡ iznku djuh vko';d gksrh gSa D;ksafd nksuksa {ks=k ijLij
fuHkZj djrs gSaA mnkgj.kkFkZ] Ñf"k vk; esa o`f¼ gksus ls vkS|ksfxd oLrqvksa osQ miHkksx esa o`f¼ gks tkrh gS ftlosQ
iQyLo:i vkS|ksxhdj.k dks c<+kok feyrk gSA bl izdkj Ñf"k rFkk m|ksxksa esa ijLij fuHkZjrk gksrh gSA bl fuHkZjrk
dks fuEu izdkj n'kkZ;k tk ldrk gSµÑf"k {ks=k dk dPpk eky m|ksxksa esa vkxrksa (inputs) osQ :i esa dke esa
yk;k tkrk gSA blh izdkj m|ksxksa dk fuxZr (output) Ñf"k {ks=k esa vkxrksa osQ :i esa iz;ksx gksrk gSA bl izdkj
Hkkjr tSls ns'k esa vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd fodkl dks nzqrxfr iznku djus osQ fy, Ñf"k <k¡ps dks etcwr djuk
t:jh gSA blfy, fodkl'khy ns'k vius Ñf"k fodkl osQ fy, cM+h ek=kk esa O;; dj jgs gSaA ljdkj fdlkuksa
dks de C;kt nj ij Í.k iznku djuk] fu;kZrksa dks vuqnku] Ñf"kxr oLrqvksa dk fuèkkZfjr ewY; ij Ø;] rVdj
lqfoèkk iznku djuk bR;kfn lqfoèkkvksa ij O;; djrh gSA blosQ vfrfjDr ljdkj Ñf"k vuqlUèkku ,oa Ñf"kxr
lkèkuksa osQ fuekZ.k ij dkiQh ek=kk esa O;; djrh gSA

(6) dherksa osQ c<+us dh izo`fÙk (Rising Trend of Prices)—lalkj osQ izR;sd ns'k esa dherksa esa o`f¼ dh
tks izo`fÙk ikbZ tkrh gS] mlosQ dkj.k Hkh ljdkjh O;; c<+rk utj vkrk gSA ewY;&Lrj esa o`f¼ gksus osQ lkFk gh
ljdkjsa bl ckr osQ fy, ckè; gks tkrh gSa fd os mu oLrqvksa o lsokvksa osQ fy, vfèkd èku dk Hkqxrku djsa
ftUgsa fd os pkgrh gSa vkSj ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa osQ osru rFkk eg¡xkbZ HkÙks esa o`f¼ djsaA ;g fLFkfr ljdkjh O;;
dk vkSj foLrkj djrh gS] ;|fi bl foLrkj ls ;g vko';d ugha gS fd ljdkjh fØ;kvksa esa Hkh o`f¼ gksA bl
izdkj ljdkjh O;; esa tks o`f¼ gksrh gS] og ftruh okLrfod gksrh gS] mlls oqQN vfèkd gh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA

(7) izfrj{kk dh leL;k (Problem of Defence)—blesa dksbZ nks er ugha gSa fd ns'k dh izfrj{kk dh
leL;k ljdkjh [kpZ dh o`f¼ dk ,d izeq[k dkj.k cu xbZ gSA dksbZ ns'k viuh izfrj{kk osQ fy, lsukvksa dks
'kfDr'kkyh cukuk pkgrk gS rks nwljs osQoy vkRej{kk osQ fy, gh ,slk ix mBkus dks foo'k gks tkrs gSaA ;q¼
lEcUèkh gfFk;kjksa osQ fuekZ.k rFkk lsuk osQ j[k&j[kko ij Hkkjh èkujkf'k O;; djuh gksrh gSA fiQj] ;q¼ yM+us dh
fofèk;ksa esa fnu&jkr tks ifjorZu gksrs jgrs gSa muosQ dkj.k Hkh lsuk dks u;s&u;s gfFk;kjksa dh vko';drk gksrh
gSA blls iqu% jkT; ij [kpZ dk Hkkj c<+rk gSA izfrj{kk O;; esa osQoy lSfudksa rFkk lSfud lkexzh dk O;; gh
lfEefyr ugha gksrk gS cfYd lSfudksa dh isU'ku rFkk ;q¼ gsrq fy, x;s ½.k ij C;kt Hkh 'kkfey gksrk gSA ;q¼
osQ foKku vkSj dyk esa bruh vfèkd izxfr gqbZ gS fd vkt osQ 'kL=k dy iqjkus rFkk vizpfyr gks tkrs gSa ftlls
;q¼ O;oLFkk cM+h [kphZyh gks x;h gSA dkiQh ns'k lqj{kk ij viuh jk"Vªh; vk; dk cM+h ek=kk esa O;; dj jgs
gSaA mnkgj.kkFkZ] ikfdLrku viuh jk"Vªh; vk; dk yxHkx 15 izfr'kr rFkk Hkkjr yxHkx 5 izfr'kr O;; djrs
gSaA Hkkjr esa ;g O;; 1950&51 esa osQoy 164-13 djksM+ #- Fkk tks 1986&87 osQ ctV esa 9728 djksM+ #i;k
vk¡dk x;k gSA
(8) uxjhdj.k ;k 'kgjhdj.k (Urbanisation)—blesa dksbZ lUnsg ugha gS fd tula[;k dk c<+rk gqvk
'kgjhdj.k Hkh ljdkjh [kpZ dh o`f¼ dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ dkj.k gSA uxjksa ij c<+rh gqbZ ykxr dk fu;e iw.kZr;k
ykxw gksrk gSA uxj dk vkdkj c<+us osQ lkFk gh lkFk ty&iwfrZ] ;krk;kr lsok o mldk fu;U=k.k] iqfyl laj{k.k]
LokLF; rFkk liQkbZ vkfn lsokvksa ij fd;s tkus okys [kpZ dh izfr O;fDr ykxr Hkh c<+ tkrh gSA blosQ vfrfjDr
vLirkyksa] lM+dksa] xfy;ksa] jks'kuh] [ksy osQ eSnku rFkk lkeqnkf;d gkWy vkfn osQ fuekZ.k o j[k&j[kko osQ dkj.k

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