Page 205 - DECO404_PUBLIC_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ—17% yksd O;;

uksV
17-1 yksd O;; esa o`f¼ osQ dkj.k
(Reasons for the Growth of Public Expenditure)

(1) jkT; dh fØ;kvksa esa o`f¼ (Increase in the Activities of the State)—ljdkjsa miHkksDrkvksa
dks fu%'kqYd vFkok ykxr ls de ewY; ij tks lsok,¡ miyCèk djkrh gSa] mudk {ks=k vc dkiQh c<+ x;k gSA
f'k{kk] turk dk LokLF; rFkk turk osQ fy, euksjatu dh O;oLFkk blosQ ToyUr mnkgj.k gSaA edkuksa rFkk
fpfdRlk lqfoèkkvksa dh O;oLFkk os u;s {ks=k gSa ftuesa ljdkjsa izfo"V gks pqdh gSaA bu lsokvksa dh O;oLFkk ljdkj
bl fl¼kUr dks n`f"Vxr j[kdj djrh gS fd ykHk izkIrdrkZ vius èku ls bu lsokvksa dk ftruk mi;ksx dj ldrs
gSa] muosQ eqdkcys ;fn ljdkj bu lsokvksa dk vfèkd miHkksx djk losQ rks og tufgr esa gh gksxkA

ljdkjksa us jsyksa rFkk lM+dksa tSls lkoZtfud fuekZ.k osQ dk;ks± ij fd;s tkus okys [kpks± esa blfy, dkiQh o`f¼
dh gS] rkfd yksxksa dh dfBukb;k¡ de dh tk losaQ vkSj csdkj iM+s Je rFkk lkèkuksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tk losQA
bl izdkj dk O;; ns'k dks eUnh dh fLFkfr ls mckjus dh n`f"V ls Hkh okaNuh; ekuk tkrk gSA bl lanHkZ esa] ;g
ekuk tk ldrk gS fd orZeku le; esa jkT; dh fØ;kvksa esa o`f¼ ls lEcfUèkr oSxuj dk fu;e (Wagner’s
law) lkoZykSfdd :i ls lgh gSA oSxuj dk dguk Fkk fd jkT; osQ dk;ks± esa O;kid ,oa xgu o`f¼
(extensive and intensive increase) dh ,d LFkk;h izo`fÙk ikbZ tkrh gSA jkT; u;s&u;s dk;ks± dks
fujUrj vius gkFk esa ysrs tk jgs gSa vkSj iqjkus dk;ks± dks vkSj vfèkd cM+s iSekus ij vfèkd oqQ'kyrk osQ
lkFk lEiUu dj jgs gSaA¸ vr% bl c<+rs gq, dk;ks± dks lEiUu djus osQ fy, vfèkdkfèkd ljdkjh O;; dks
vkJ; fy;k tk jgk gSA
(2) vkS|ksfxd fodkl (Industrial Development)—vkS|ksfxd ØkfUr (Industrial Revolution)
ls lalkj osQ vfèkdka'k ns'kksa osQ osQoy vkS|ksfxd <k¡ps esa gh vkewy ifjorZu ugha gqvk vfirq mudk jktuSfrd
o lkekftd :i Hkh dkiQh cny x;k gSA vkS|ksfxd ØkfUr osQ i'pkr~ vkfo"dkjksa dh yEch Üka`[kyk osQ dkj.k
tgk¡ mRiknu dh fofèk;ksa esa Hkkjh ifjorZu gq,] ogk¡ bu ifjorZuksa esa jktuSfrd o lkekftd dkj.kksa us Hkh viuk
;ksxnku fn;kA vkS|ksfxd mRiknu dh o`f¼ osQ lkFk gh lkFk yksxksa dh vk; rFkk mudk thou&Lrj Å¡pk mBk]
tula[;k osQ ,d cM+s Hkkx dks lgkjk feyk vkSj muesa viuh ubZ&ubZ vko';drkvksa dks lUrq"V djus dh {kerk
vkbZA bu lc ifjorZuksa osQ lkFk gh] leL;kvksa dk tUe gqvk] ftlosQ iQyLo:i Je&lEcUèkksa (labour
relations), m|ksx&èkUèkksa osQ fu;eu] miHkksDrkvksa osQ laj{k.k] èku rFkk vk; osQ forj.k vkSj vkfFkZd vlqj{kk
ls lEcfUèkr ljdkj osQ dk;ks± o [kpZ esa o`f¼ gqbZA
(3) lkekftd lqj{kk esa o`f¼µorZeku dky esa jkT;ksa us lkekU;r;k dY;k.kdkjh jkT;ksa dk :i èkkj.k dj
fy;k gS vkSj leLr ns'k esa vius Jfedksa dks fdlh u fdlh :i esa lkekftd lqj{kk iznku djrs gSaA ljdkjksa
dh ;g ftEesnkjh gS fd os ns[ksa fd m|eh Jfedksa dks okLrfod etnwjh ns jgs gSa ;k ugha rFkk muosQ fy, i;kZIr
:i ls lkekftd lqj{kk iznku dh xbZ gS ;k ughaA bl izdkj orZeku ljdkjsa vius ukxfjdksa dh lkekftd lqj{kk
tSls] vkS|ksfxd Jfedksa osQ fy, o`¼koLFkk esa isU'ku] vkfJr ykHk] fu%'kqYd f'k{kk] chekjh esa lgk;rk] nq?kZVuk
ykHk] fpfdRlk lqfoèkk vkfn ij cM+h ek=kk esa O;; djrh gSaA blosQ vykok dbZ ljdkjksa us x`g&fuekZ.k esa lgk;rk
rFkk csjkstxkjh ykHk dh ;kstuk,¡ 'kq: dh gSaA vktdy ljdkj vius ukxfjdksa osQ fy, LokLF; ,oa fpfdRlk
lqfoèkk,¡ iznku djus osQ fy, dkiQh ek=kk esa O;; djrh gSA Hkkjro"kZ esa Hkh lu~ 1948 esa jkT; vfèkfu;e osQ
vUrxZr deZpkfj;ksa dks fofHkUu izdkj dh lqfoèkk,¡ iznku dh tk jgh gSaA
(4) m|ksx&èkUèkksa rFkk O;kikj dk jk"Vªh;dj.k (Nationalisation of Industries and Trades)—
O;kikj rFkk m|ksxksa dk jk"Vªh;dj.k ljdkj dh vksj ls fd;k tkus okyk ,d ,slk iz;kl gS ftlosQ }kjk ljdkj
turk osQ fy, U;wukfèkd :i ls okf.kfT;d vkèkkj ij oLrq,¡ lsok,¡ iznku djus dh O;oLFkk djrh gSA ljdkj
,sls mÙkjnkf;Ro dks vius Åij dbZ dkj.kksa ls ys ldrh gS] tSls ,dkfèkdkjksa (monopolies) vFkok
v¼Z&,dkfèkdkjksa osQ fu;eu dh dfBu leL;k osQ lekèkku osQ fy,] miHkksDrkvksa dks ?kVh dherksa ij oLrq,¡ rFkk

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