Page 33 - DECO404_PUBLIC_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ—2% vf/dre lkekftd ykHk dk fl¼kar

uksV

uksV~l izks- MkYVu us bl fl¼kUr dks ^vf/dre lkekftd ykHk dk fl¼kUr* dgk vkSj izks- ihxw us bls
^vf/dre oqQy dY;k.k dk fl¼kUr* (Principle of Maximum Aggregate Welfare) dk
uke fn;kA

2-1-1 ljdkjh vk; rFkk O;; dh lhek
(Extent of Public Revenue and Expenditure)

izks- MkYVu us bl ckr dh vksj Hkh laosQr fd;k fd ljdkjh O;; fdl lhek rd c<+k;k tk;s\ ljdkjh O;;
dks fofHkUu mi;ksxksa esa fdl izdkj ck¡Vk tk;s\ ljdkjh vk; dks oSQls ,d=k fd;k tk,\ rFkk mls fofHkUu oxks±
osQ chp oSQls foHkkftr fd;k tk;s\ izkss- MkYVu osQ gh 'kCnksa esa] ¶ljdkjh O;; izR;sd fn'kk esa Bhd ml lhek
rd fd;s tkus pkfg, fd ftlls fdlh Hkh {ks=k esa bl O;; dh FkksM+h&lh vkSj o`f¼ ls lekt dks izkIr gksus
okys ykHk esa] vkSj blosQ foijhr djk/ku vFkok vU; ljdkjh vk; osQ vU; fdlh lk/u esa dh tkus okyh
FkksM+h&lh Hkh o`f¼ ls gksus okyh gkfu esa] leku lUrqyu LFkkfir fd;k tk losQA ;g fu;e ljdkjh O;; rFkk
ljdkjh vk; nksuksa dh gh ,d vkn'kZ lhek izLrqr djrk gSA¸ bldk vFkZ gS fd yxk;s tkus okys dj dh izR;sd
vfrfjDr bdkbZ ls turk }kjk fd;s tkus okys R;kx (sacrifice) dk Hkkj rks c<+rk tk,xk] fdUrq ml dj osQ [kpZ
ls turk dks izkIr gksus okys ykHk (benefit) dh ek=kk cjkcj ?kVrh tk;sxhA bl izdkj dj yxkus rFkk mls [kpZ
djus osQ flyflys esa ,d fcUnq ,slk vk igq¡psxk tgk¡ fd jkT; }kjk [kpZ fd;s tkus okys /u dh fdlh bdkbZ
(unit) ls izkIr gksus okyk ykHk] ljdkj }kjk yxk;s tkus okys dj dh fdlh bdkbZ osQ dkj.k turk }kjk fd;s
tkus okys R;kx osQ Bhd cjkcj gksxkA ;g og fLFkfr gS fd tc ljdkj dks vk; rFkk O;; osQ lEcU/ esa viuk
c<+rk gqvk dne jksd nsuk pkfg, D;ksafd ;gh og fcUnq (point) gS fd ftl ij lhekUr R;kx (marginal
sacrifice) lhekUr ykHk (marginal benefit) osQ cjkcj gksrk gSA ljdkj osQ foÙkh; dk;Z dh ;gh b"Vre ;k
vuqowQyre lhek (optimum limit) gSA bl izdkj] ljdkjh O;; ml lhek rd fd;k tkuk pkfg, tgk¡ rd
fd ljdkjh [kpZ ls izkIr gksus okyk lhekUr rqf"Vxq.k] djk/ku ;k ljdkjh vk; osQ dkj.k gksus okyh lhekUr
rqf"Vghurk (marginal disutility) osQ Bhd cjkcj gksA

mnkgj.kµvf/dre lkekftd dY;k.k dks fuEu mnkgj.k }kjk vklkuh ls le>k;k tk ldrk gSµ

eqnzk dh bdkbZ dj dh izR;sd bdkbZ ls O;; dh izR;sd bdkbZ
R;kx ls lUrqf"V
1 5 16

2 7 12
3 9 9
4 12 7
5 16 5
6 20 3

mijksDr rkfydk ls Li"V gS fd lekt ij dj dh izR;sd bdkbZ Hkkj esa o`f¼ djus ls lhekUr R;kx c<+rk tkrk
gSA blosQ foijhr lkoZtfud O;; dh izfr vfrfjDr bdkbZ ls lekt osQ fy, bldh mi;ksfxrk igys dh vis{kk
de gksrh tkrh gSA ;gk¡ eqnzk dh rhljh bdkbZ ij lhekUr lkekftd R;kx rFkk lhekUr lkekftd ykHk cjkcj
gS vFkkZr~ 9 bdkbZA ;gha ij dj rFkk lkoZtfud O;; dh lhek fuf'pr gks tk;sxhA
;g ckr vkxs fn;s x;s js[kkfp=k }kjk Hkh Li"V dh x;h gS ftlesa SS′ js[kk R;kx ;k rqf"Vghurk dh oØ js[kk
gS vkSj BB′ js[kk ykHk ;k rqf"Vxq.k dh oØ js[kk (benefit or utility curve) gSA ;s nksuksa oØ js[kk,¡ P fcUnq

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 27
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY