Page 34 - DECO404_PUBLIC_FINANCE_HINDI

yksd foÙk

uksV
uksV ij ,d&nwljs dks dkVrh gSaA blosQ vfrfjDr OX js[kk [kpZ fd;s x;s /u dh ek=kk dks izdV djrh gS rFkk [kM+h
js[kk (OY) fd;s x;s R;kx (sacrifice) vFkok [kpZ fd;s x;s /u gksus okys ykHk dh ek=kk dks izn£'kr djrh gSA
benefit B S

or
sacrifice

of Net P B
benefit
Amount S

O P
Amount of money spent
fp=k&1

ykHk dh oØ js[kk BB }kjk ?ksjs x;s {ks=k esa ls ;fn R;kx dh oØ js[kk (sacrifice curve) SS′ }kjk ?ksjs x;s {ks=k
dks ?kVk fn;k tk;s rks og 'kq¼ ykHk (net benefit) cpk jgrk gS tks OP′ osQ cjkcj [kpZ djus ls izkIr gksxkA
OP′ [kpZ P fcUnq ij vuqowQyre ;k b"Vre fLFkfr esa gS D;ksafd bl fcUnq ij /u dh vfUre bdkbZ }kjk izkIr
rqf"Vxq.k /u dh vfUre bdkbZ }kjk [kks;s x;s rqf"Vxq.k osQ cjkcj gSA R;kx dh oØ js[kk SS′ mQij mBrh gqbZ oØ
js[kk gS D;ksafd ljdkjh O;; osQ fy, izkIr fd;s tkus okys /u dh izR;sd bdkbZ osQ lkFk gh R;kx dh ek=kk c<+rh
tkrh gSA fdUrq blosQ foijhr] ykHk dh oØ js[kk BB′ uhps fxjrh gqbZ oØ js[kk gS] D;ksafd T;ksa&T;ksa O;; c<+rk
gS R;ksa&R;ksa mldh izR;sd bdkbZ osQ lkFk gh mlls izkIr gksus okyk ykHk ?kVrk tkrk gSA fcUnq P] tgk¡ fd nksuksa
oØ js[kk,¡ ijLij feyrh gSa] jkT; dh foÙkh; fØ;k dh vuqowQyre lhek dks izdV djrk gSA ;gh og fcUnq gS
tgk¡ fd fd;k x;k lhekUr R;kx izkIr fd;s x;s lhekUr ykHk osQ cjkcj gksrk gSA
vf/dre lkekftd ykHk fl¼kUr dh O;k[;k oqQy lkekftd R;kx rFkk oqQy lkekftd ykHk oØ }kjk Hkh Li"V
dh tk ldrh gSA vf/dre lkekftd ykHk ml fcUnq ij izkIr gksxk tgk¡ oqQy lkekftd ykHk rFkk oqQN
lkekftd R;kx dk vUrj lcls vf/d gksA
oqQy
Y TSF
lkekftd
oqQy lkekftd ykHk rFkk O;; t M t oqQy TSS
ykHk
t

lkekftd
R;kx

t N
O Q X
dj rFkk O;; dh bdkb;k¡
fp=k&2

fp=k&2 ls TSB oØ lkoZtfud O;; ls izkIr oqQy lkekftd ykHk dks n'kkZrk gS ftldk <ky mQij dh vksj
mBrk gqvk izkIr gksrk gSA ;g oØ ;g n'kkZrk gS fd tSls&tSls lkoZtfud esa o`f¼ gksrh tkrh gS oqQy lkekftd
ykHk c<+rk tkrk gSA fdUrq ,d fcUnq osQ ckn ?kVus yx tkrk gSA blosQ foijhr TSS oØ dj ls mRiUu oqQy
lkekftd R;kx dks izn£'kr djrk gS tks ;g n'kkZrk gS fd dj dh ek=kk osQ lkFk oqQy R;kx c<+rk tkrk gS fdUrq
,d fcUnq osQ ckn oqQy R;kx cgqr rhoz xfr ls c<+us yx tkrk gSA

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
28 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY