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bdkbZ—2% vf/dre lkekftd ykHk dk fl¼kar

(3) forj.k esa lq/kj (Improvement in Distribution)µjkT; dh uhfr dk fu/kZj.k djrs le; rhljh uksV
fopkj.kh; ckr ;g gksuh pkfg, fd ;g ns[kk tk, fd tks mRiknu fd;k x;k gS] lekt osQ fofHkUu oxks± osQ chp
mldk leqfpr :i ls forj.k Hkh gks] vFkkZr~ mldk forj.k bl izdkj gksuk pkfg, fd fofHkUu O;fDr;ksa rFkk
ifjokjksa dh vk; esa ikbZ tkus okyh vlekurk,¡ rFkk ?kV&c<+ lekIr gksA vk; dk forj.k ifjokj dh
vko';drkvksa osQ vuqlkj rFkk lkFk gh lkFk mudh oqQ'kyrk rFkk iz;Ruksa (efforts) osQ vuq:i gksuk pkfg,A
vuqik£tr vk; (unearned income) osQ dkj.k vk; esa mRiUu gksus okyh vlekukrkvksa dks lgu ugha fd;k
tkuk pkfg, tcfd oqQ'kyrk rFkk ifjJe dks U;k;ksfpr lEeku fn;k tkuk pkfg, vkSj iqjLÑr fd;k tkuk
pkfg,A MkYVu osQ 'kCnksa esa] ¶forj.k esa lq/kj dk vFkZ gSµ(d) fofHkUu O;fDr;ksa ,oa ifjokjksa dh vk; esa ikbZ
tkus okyh vlekurkvksa dks] tks vf/dka'k lH; lektksa esa ikbZ tkrh gS] de djuk] ([k) oqQN O;fDr;ksa ,oa
ifjokjksa] fo'ks"k :i ls lekt osQ fu/Zu oxZ osQ yksxksa dh vkenfu;ksa esa] fofHkUu le;ksa esa gksus okyh Hkkjh ?kV&c<+
dks lekIr djukA¸ vr% ;g vR;Ur vko';d gS fd vk£Fkd dY;k.k esa o`f¼ osQ fy, vk; rFkk /u dk
leqfpr :i ls forj.k fd;k tk,A¸

(4) vk£Fkd fLFkjrk vkSj iw.kZ jkstxkj (Economic Stability and Full Employment)µvk£Fkd vfLFkjrk
(vFkkZr~ ckj&ckj rsth rFkk eUnh dh fLFkfr mRiUu gksuk) Lora=k vFkZO;oLFkk dk ,d izeq[k y{k.k gSA blls
vusd cqjkb;k¡ iSnk gks tkrh gSa] tSls fd csjkstxkjh rFkk vR;qRiknu (over production) yksxksa osQ lkekftd
dY;k.k esa rHkh o`f¼ dh tk ldrh gS tcfd ns'k esa O;kolkf;d n'kkvksa esa fLFkjrk cuh jgs rFkk mlesa vkus
okys mrkj&p<+ko (fluctuations) lekIr dj fn;s tk,¡A vr% jktdks"kh; dk;Zokfg;ksa dk y{; ;g gksuk pkfg,
fd jkstxkj osQ m¡Qps Lrj ij vk£Fkd fLFkjrk dks cuk, j[kk tk losQA jktdks"kh; dk;Zokfg;ksa osQ }kjk lkoZtfud
fuekZ.k vkfn osQ dk;ks± ij ljdkjh [kpZ esa o`f¼ djosQ eUnh (depression) osQ izHkkoksa dks de fd;k tk ldrk
gS vkSj bl izdkj jkstxkj rFkk leFkZ ek¡x (effective demand) esa o`f¼ dh tk ldrh gSA blh rjg] eqnzk LiQhfr
dh vof/ esa] ljdkjh m/kj rFkk Hkkjh djk/ku osQ }kjk ewY; Lrj dks uhps ykus esa enn fey ldrh gSA
(5) Hkfo"; osQ fy, O;oLFkk (Provision for Future)µO;fDr lk/kj.kr;k Hkfo"; dh vis{kk orZeku dks
gh vf/d egÙo nsrs gSaA ifj.kkeLo:i] mudh foÙkh; xfrfof/;k¡ mudh orZeku vko';drkvksa vFkok
thoudkyhu vko';drkvksa dks lUrq"V djus osQ iz;klksa ls gh izsfjr jgrh gSaA fdUrq jkT; ij nksgjh ftEesnkjh gksrh
gS D;ksafd mls orZeku rFkk Hkkoh nksuksa ihf<+;ksa (generations) osQ fgrksa dh ns[kHkky djuh gksrh gSA vr% jkT;
osQ fy, ;g mfpr gh gS fd og orZeku ih<+h osQ NksVs ykHk osQ eqdkcys Hkkoh ih<+h osQ cM+s ykHkksa dks izeq[krk
nsA MkYVu osQ 'kCnksa esa] ¶jkT; Hkfo"; dk Hkh mlh izdkj laj{kd gS ftl izdkj orZeku dkA O;fDr rks
ej tkrk gS fdUrq og lekt] O;fDr ftldk vax gS] thfor jgrk gSA vr% jkT; dks orZeku osQ NksVs
lkekftd ykHk osQ eqdkcys Hkfo"; osQ cM+s lkekftd ykHk dks gh izeq[krk nsuh pkfg,A¸

uksV~l eqnzk LiQhfr dh vof/ esa ljdkjh m/kj rFkk djk/ku osQ }kjk ewY; Lrj dks uhps ykus esa enn fey
ldrh gSA

lhek,¡ (Limitations)

vf/dre lkekftd ykHk dk fl¼kUr yksd foÙk dk ,d ewyHkwr fl¼kUr gS vkSj bls jkT; dh foÙkh; fØ;kvksa
dk ,d ekxZn'kZd fl¼kar ekuk tkrk gSA ijUrq blosQ ckotwn] tc bl fl¼kUr dks O;kogkfjd :i ls ykxw fd;k
tkrk gS rks dbZ dfBukb;k¡ lkeus vkrh gSaA muesa fuEu eq[; gSaµ
(i) rqf"Vghurk rFkk rqf"V osQ chp vlUrqyu (Disadjustment between disutility and utility)µ jkT;
osQ fy, ;g cM+k dfBu gksxk fd og dj yxkus ls mRiUu gksus okyh rqf"Vghurk ;k vuqi;ksfxrk (disutility)
rFkk ljdkjh O;; ls yksxksa dks feyus okys rqf"Vxq.k ;k mi;ksfxrk (utility) osQ chp lUrqyu LFkkfir dj losQA

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 33
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY