Page 373 - DEDU504_EDUCATIONAL_MEASUREMENT_AND_EVALUATION_HINDI

bdkbZ—30% vfHko`fÙk izo.krk] O;fDrRo rFkk cqf¼ dk ekiu

(1) ifjfLFkfr&ijh{k.k (Situational Test)μbl izdkj osQ fujh{k.k dks lEi djus osQ fy, O;fDr dks thou uksV
dh okLrfod ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk izfrfuf/Ro djus okyh ifjfLFkfr esa j[kk tkrk gSA ;s ifjfLFkfr;k¡ Ñf=ke gksrh gSaA vkSj
buls vUr%fØ;k djosQ O;fDr O;ogkj izn'kZu djrk gSA bl O;ogkj dks izs{ki.k gh O;fDrRo osQ ekiu dk vkèkkj
curk gSA lsuk osQ viQljksa osQ pquko osQ le; l£olst lysD'ku cksMZ esa ^lewg dk;Z* ifjfLFkfr ijh{k.k dk ,d
mnkgj.k gSA es; vkSj gkVZ'kksuZ (1925) us blh izdkj osQ vusd ijh{k.kksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k gSA bu ijh{k.kksa dh
fo'ks"krk,¡ v/ksfyf[kr gSaμ
(1) ;g O;fDrRo ekiu dh ,d jkspd izfof/ gSA
(2) D;ksafd ;s thou ifjfLFkfr (Life-Situation) ugha gS vr,o bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa O;ogkj dk okLrfod
Lo:i ugha ns[kk tk ldrk gSA rc Hkh bl izfof/ osQ }kjk usr`Ro dfBukb;ksa ls tw>us dh {kerk deZBrk
vkfn xq.kksa dk ekiu lUrks"kizn :i ls gks ldrk gSA
(3) bl izdkj osQ ijh{k.k dh fo'oluh;rk ,oa oS/rk osQ fo"k; esa lUrks"ktud vk¡dM+s vHkh rd miyC/
ugha gSaA
(4) ;g vHkh rd ,d ewy izfof/ osQ :i esa 'kks/ {ks=k esa ekU;rk izkIr ugha dj ldh gSA
(5) blosQ }kjk nks O;fDr;ksa osQ O;ogkj dk rqyukRed vè;;u lgh&lgh fd;k tk ldrk gSA

(2) vkSipkfjd&fujh{k.k (Formal Observation)μbl izfof/ esa fujh{k.kdÙkkZ ckyd osQ O;ogkj dk
voyksdu vkSipkfjd :i ls djrk gSA ckyd viuh fnup;kZ esa O;Lr jgrk gS vkSj fujh{kd vius fujh{k.kksa dks
fyfic¼ djrk tkrk gSA Li"V gS fd uokxUrqd dh mifLFkfr esa ckyd dk O;ogkj&vLokHkkfod gks tkrk gSA
ifj.kke Lo:i O;ogkj fujh{k.k 'kq¼ ugha jg ikrsA mijksDr deh osQ gksus ij Hkh vkSipkfjd&fujh{k.k izfof/ osQ
}kjk f'k'kqvksa (Young Children) osQ O;ogkjksa osQ fo"k; esa vklkuh ls lgh&lgh tkudkjh izkIr dh tk ldrh gSA

(1) ckyd vius O;ogkj dks Ñf=ke cukus dh ps"Bk ugha djrs gSa] vr,o fdlh vtuch dh mifLFkfr esa
vfèkd nsj rd viuh izÑfr dks ugha fNikrs gSaA
(2) f'k'kqvksa esa Hkk"kk dk fodkl cgqr lhfer gksrk gS] vr,o tks izfof/;k¡&ekSf[kd vFkok fyf[kr lEizs"k.k
ij vk/kfjr gS mudk mi;ksx ugha fd;k tk ldk gSA ,slh n'kk esa vkSipkfjd fujh{k.k&izfof/ gh mi;ksxh
fl¼ gksrh gSA
;fn bl fujh{k.k&izfof/ esa vko';d ifjorZu dj fy, tk;sa rc bldk mi;ksx fd'kksjksa ,oa izkS<+ksa osQ voyksdu
esa Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA
(3) vukSipkfjd&fujh{k.k (Informal Observation)μ;g izfof/ vkSipkfjd fujh{k.k&izfof/ dks lekt'kkL=k
osQ {ks=k esa 'kks/ dk;Z osQ fy, cgqr mi;ksxh ik;k tkrk gSA vkfnokfl;ksa dh thou'kSyh dk fo'oluh; ifjp; blh
izdkj dh fujh{k.k&izfof/ osQ ekè;e ls lekt'kkL=k ls 'kks/dÙkkZvksa us izLrqr fd;k gSA bl fujh{k.k&izfof/ dks
lqpk: :i ls lEi djus osQ fy, fuEufyf[kr ckrksa dks è;ku j[kuk pkfg,μ
(1) loZizFke] O;ogkj&izk:i (Behaviour Pattern) osQ fo"k; esa fu.kZ; ys ysuk pkfg,A vFkkZr~ ;g Hkyh Hkk¡fr
lksp fy;k tk;s fd O;ogkj dk dkSu ls i{k dk voyksdu djuk gSA bl izdkj O;ogkj&fujh{k.k dh
ifjlhek;sa fu/kZfjr dh tkrh gSA
(2) rRi'pkr] p;u fd, x;s O;ogkj osQ i{kksa dks bl izdkj ifjHkkf"kr djuk pkfg, fd og ckyd dh ml
fØ;k osQ ckjs esa lwpuk ns losaQ tks izdV :i ls ns[kh tk losQA bl izdkj osQ fujh{kd vius dk;Z osQ fy,
lafØ;kRed ifjHkk"kkvksa dk fuekZ.k djrk gSA
(3) O;ogkj&voyksdu osQ vfHkys[ku osQ fy, lgk;d fof/;ksa dk p;u fd;k tkrk gS tSlsμvYidkfyd&fyfi]
Vsi] fjdkMZ] oSQejk vkfnA

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