Page 256 - DEDU506_SPECIAL_EDUCATION_HINDI

fof'k"V f'k{kk

uksV ;kstuk dk fuekZ.k lqfuf'pr fd;k tkuk gSA lkFk gh lalk/u laLFkkuksa (Resource Institution) dh Hkkxhnkjh dks
izksRlkgu fn;s tkus dh ckr Hkh dgh x;h gSA bl Js.kh osQ fdlh Hkh cPps dks f'k{kk izkfIr ls euk djus dh uhfr
viukus dh ckr dgh x;h gS rkfd dksbZ Hkh cPpk f'k{kk iz.kkyh ls ckgj ugha jgsA
loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku esa bl ckr ij cy fn;k x;k gS fd fo'ks"k vko';drk okys lHkh lkekU; LowQyksa esa ,dho`Qr
,oa lekos'kh f'k{kk (Inclusive Education) iznku dh tk, lkFk gh ;g fo'ks"k vko';drkvksa okys cPpksa
(Children with Special Needs) dh f'k{kk osQ fy, cgqfof/ n`f"Vdks.kksa] fodYiksa vkSj dk;Zuhfr;ksa dk leFkZu
Hkh fd;k tk,A blesa fuEu ekè;eksa ls nh tkus okyh f'k{kk 'kkfey gSA eqÝr f'k{k.k i¼fr ,oa eqÝr LowQy]
xSj&vkSipkfjd rFkk oSdfYid LowQyh f'k{kk] nwjLFk f'k{kk rFkk vf/xe] fo'ks"k LowQy tgk¡ dgha Hkh vko';d gks
ogk¡ x`g vk/kfjr f'k{kk (Home-based Education)] Hkze.k'khy vè;kid (Itinerant Teacher)] ekWMy
mipkjkRed f'k{k.k] va'kdkyhu d{kk,¡] leqnk; vk/kfjr iquokZl (Community-Based Rehabilitation) rFkk
O;kolkf;d f'k{kk vkSj lgdkjh dk;ZozQe vkfnA
Lo&ewY;kadu (Self-Assessment)
fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ djsa (Fill in the blanks)—

1- lkekU; cPpksa osQ lkFk 'kkjhfjd :i ls v'kLr cPpksa dks nh tkus okyh f'k{kk --------- dgykrh gSA
2- lesfdr f'k{kk ;kstuk (IEDC) Hkkjr esa lu~ --------- esa 'kq# dh xbZA
3- lesfdr f'k{kk dk mís'; gS fd fodykax cPpksa dk euksoSKkfud] 'kSf{kd ,oa KkukRed fodkl lkekU;
cPpksa osQ lkFk&lkFk gks losQ rkfd cPps lekt dh --------- 'kkfey gks losaQA
4- IEDC ;kstuk vc --------- osQ uke ls tkuh tkus yxh gSA

26-3 lkjka'k (Summary)

• f'k{kk osQ lkoZtuhdj.k dk vFkZ (Meaning of Universalization of Education)µ f'k{kk ekuo
eqfDr dk lk/u gSA oqQN fo}ku bls foosd dh rhljh vk¡[k Hkh dgrs gSaA ysfdu vktknh osQ n'kdksa ckn
Hkh f'k{kk vkeyksxksa dh igq¡p ls ckgj gSA lHkh osQ fy, f'k{kk (Education for all) vkSj ^lcdks feys f'k{kk*
tSlk ukjk jk"Vªh; vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij fn;k tk jgk gSA
• varjkZ"Vªh; f'k{kk vk;ksx (1996) us Hkh Lohdkj fd;k fd euq"; osQ oS;fDrd ,oa lkekftd fodkl esa f'k{kk
,d vk/kjHkwr Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSA vk;ksx us bDdhloha lnh dh pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djus osQ fy, vkthou
vf/xe (Learning through out Life) dks vko';d crk;k gSA lkFk gh f'k{kk osQ pkjksa LrEHkksa&^yfu±x
Vw yuZ* (Learning to Learn), ^yfu±x Vw Mw* (Learning to do)] ^yfu±x Vw fyo Vwxsnj* (Learning to
Live Together) vkSj ^yfu±x Vw ch* (Learning to be) dks fNik gqvk [ktkuk crk;k ftlosQ cxSj lekt
dh dksbZ izfrHkk izHkko'kkyh ugha gks ldrh gSA
• fodykax cPpksa osQ fy, lesfdr f'k{kkµ fdlh Hkh Js.kh dh fu%'kDrrk;qDr cPpksa dks lekt esa izpfyr
lkekU; fo|ky;ksa esa lkekU; cPpksa osQ lkFk&lkFk lefUor djrs gq, ,d lkFk] ,d tSlh f'k{k.k i¼fr ,oa
ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa i<+kuk gh lesfdr f'k{kk dgykrh gSA
• okLro esa fodykax cPpksa osQ fy, lesfdr f'k{kk (IEDC) ;kstuk o"kZ 1974 esa 'kq# dh xbZ FkhA blosQ varxZr
p;fur lkekU; LowQyksa esa fodykax Nk=k&Nk=kkvksa dks lkekU; cPpksa osQ lkFk f'k{kk iznku dh tkrh gSA mlosQ
ihNs ,slh le> gS fd fodykax cPpksa dk euksoSKkfud] 'kSf{kd ,oa KkukRed fodkl lkekU; cPpksa osQ

lkFk&lkFk gks losQ rkfd cPps lekt dh eq[;/kjk esa 'kkfey gks losaQA
• jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr (1986) dh /kjk 4-9 esa fo'ks"k vko';drk okys cPpksa dh vko';drkvksa ij fo'ks"k :i

ls izdk'k Mkyk x;k gSA bl /kjk dk eq[; mís'; 'kkjhfjd vkSj ekufld fodykax cPpksa dks lkekU; leqnk;

250 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY