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Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh )
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh0) )) )
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh
BØN J 1915 d/ P[o{ ftu J/Bh p/;/AN B/ d' nypkoK–‘fBT[ fJzvhnk’ (New India) ns/ ‘ekwBthb’ (Commonweal)
d/ d[nkok nzd'bB S/V fdZsk. iB;GktK ns/ ;zw/bB nk:'fis ehs/. T[BQK dh wzr ;h fe fi; soQK Bkb r'o/
T[gfBt/P ftu T[E'A dh iBsk Bz{ nkgDh ;oeko pDkT[D dk nfXeko fdZsk frnk j?, Gkosh iBsk Bz{ th
;t?Pk;B dk nfXeko fwb/. ngq?b 1915 d/ pknd J/Bh p/;/AN B/ j'o th seVk s/ i[Mko{ o[y nyfsnko
ehsk.
J fsbe B/ 1915 ftu g{Bk ftu nkgD/ ;woEeK Bz{ fJe ;zw/bB p[bkfJnk, fi; ftu fJj c?;bk ehsk
frnk fe g/Av{ iBsk Bz{ eKro; d/ T[d/PK ns/ T[;dh rshftXhnK Bkb ikD{ eokT[D bJh fJe ;z;EkB dk
rmB ehsk ikt/.
J fd;zpo 1915 ftu eKro; dk ;kbkBk nfXt/PB j'fJnk ns/ fsbe s/ J/Bh p/;/AN dhnK e'fPPK Bkb
;cbsk fwbh. rowgzEhnK Bz{ eKro; ftu tkg; b?D dk c?;bk ehsk frnk. fco'iPkj w/jsk d/ d/jKs
ekoB pzpJh d/ BowgzEh dk fto'X p/n;o ;kps j'fJnk. r'yb/ dk th d/jKs j' u[~ek ;h. rowgzEhnK
Bz{ eKro; ftu tkg; fbnkT[D ftu sK J/Bh p/;/AN ;cb ojh, go ‘j'w o{b bhr’ d/ rmB d/ nkgD/
gq;skt T[s/ T[j eKro; ns/ w[;fbw bhr dh wzi{oh Bjh b? ;eh.
9H5 Ppde'P
9H5 Ppde'P
9H5 Ppde'P
9H5 Ppde'P (Keywords)
9H5 Ppde'P
• i[Mko{ L ;zxoP eoD tk+k
• st~i' L fJ~Is d/Dk
• y/wk L gkoNh, db
9H6 nfGnk; gqPB
9H6 nfGnk; gqPB
9H6 nfGnk; gqPB
9H6 nfGnk; gqPB (Review Questions)
9H6 nfGnk; gqPB
1. eKro; gkoNh dh ;EkgBk d/ fg~S/ fjT{w d/ eh T[d/P ;B. ;gPN eo'.
2. eKro; ;EkgBk d/ ;/cNh tkbt f;XKs dh ftnkfynk eo'.
3. j'w o{b nzd'bB s'A s[;hA eh ;wMd/ j'< b'ewkB: fsbe ns/ n?Bh p/;?AN dh G{fwek dh ftnkfynk eo'.
4. BowgzEh ns/ rowgzEh B/sk e"D ;B ns/ ;[szsosk nzd'bB ft~u fJjBK dh G{fwek ;gPN eo'.
T[Zso L ;t^w[~bKeD
T[Zso L ;t^w[~bKeD
T[Zso L ;t^w[~bKeD (Answers: Self Assessment)
T[Zso L ;t^w[~bKeD
T[Zso L ;t^w[~bKeD
1H 1H (b) 2H (a) 3H (c) 4H (b) 5H (a)
2H 1H 6 ;kb 2H ekwBthb 3H p/brKt 4H 60tK 5H f;szpo 16
9H7 ;zdoG g[;seK
9H7 ;zdoG g[;seK
9H7 ;zdoG g[;seK (Further Readings)
9H7 ;zdoG g[;seK
9H7 ;zdoG g[;seK
p[e; 1H ;[szsosk dk fJfsjk;, phH n?bH rqto ns/ :Pgkb, n?; uzd n?Av ezgBh fbH, okwBro fd~bh
Ø
2H ;[szsosk ;zrqkw, ftfgB uzdo, fjzdh wkfXnw ekoits, fBd/Pkfbnk fd~bh ftPtftfdnkbk
3H nkX[fBe Gkos, n?;H e/H gKv/, gq:kr nekdwh fJbkjkpkd
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