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Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh )
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh0) )) )
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh
BØN Edwards) B/ th fJj ;gPN o{g ft~u fejk ;h fe “Gkos ft~u ;kv/ nfXeko dk nzfsw T[d/P d/P Bz{
Jh;kJh pDkUDk j?@ tho ;ktoeo B/ fJj do;kfJnk j/ fe n;?fBe ns/ ;?/fBe T[Zu/ gdkfXekoh okw ns/
w[jzwd Bzz{ rk+K e~Yd/ ;B ns/ ;?fBeK Bz{ Jh;kJh pDB dh gq/oDk fdzd/ ;B. ;?fBeK Bz{ i/eo Uj ‘;~uk Xow*
ngDk b?D sK gd T[~Bsh dk tuB fd~sk iKdk ;h.Jh;kJh Xow gqukoeK Bz{ gfonkgs ;[ftXktK fd~shnK
iKdhnK ;B. nwoheB fwPBoh ;[;kfJNh (American Missionary Society) B/ nkro/ ft~u fJ~e pj[s
Gkoh w[doDkbk (Printing press) brkfJnk. w{osh g{ik Bz{ p[ok fejk iKdk ;h. fjzd{ d/th d/tsktK dk
T[gjk; ehsk iKdk ;h. ;o ;?:d nfjwd \K B/ th fbfynk j? fe “nfijk ftPtk; ehsk iKdk j? fe ;oeko
B/ Xow gqukoe fB:[es eo o~y/ jB ns/ UjBK d/ GoD^g'PD s/ youk eodh j?.@ bkov P?cN;poh (Lord
Shaftesbury) B/ sK fJ~E'A s~e fejk ;h fe “Gkos Bz{ Jh;kJh pDkUD ft~u n;woEsk jh fJ; MrV/ dk
w{b ekoD j?.@
1850 ft~u gk; ehs/ rJ/ Xkofwe n:'rsk nfXfB:w (Religlous Disabilities Act) d[nkok fjzd{ ohsh
fotiK ft~u gfotosB fbnKdk frnk.noEks Xow gfotosB Bkb g[~so nkgD/ fgsk dh ;zgsh s'A tzfus
BjhA ehsk ik ;edk ;h. fJ; ekBz{B dk w[~y bkG Jh;kJh pDB tkfbnK Bz{ ;h. b'eK B/ fJj th nctkj
c?bk fd~sh fe bkov e?fBzr Bz{ ftP/P nkfrnk fd~sh rJh j? fe Uj Gkos Bz{ Jh;kJh pDk d/t/. nfij/
tksktoD ft~u fJj ftPtk; ehsk ikD b~rk fe o/bt/ ns/ tkPgg's (steamships) Gkosh Xow gfotosB
dk fJ~e ngqs~y ;kXB jB. p?AikfwB fvio/bh d/ PpdK ft~u,@ Bt/A f;XksK d/ nXhB Gkosh ftXkB gfoPd
;EkfBe b'eK d/ Xkofwe ftPtk; Bz{ j"bh j"bh e[sodh ik ojh j/.fJ; dh okPNoh ft~fdnk dh f;XKse
gqDkbh d/ nB[;ko Xow g[;seK (pkJhpb nkfd ) gkmPkbKtK ft~u nukBe jh gj[zu rJhnK jB.@ GkoshnK
Bz{ fJj ftPtk; j[zdk ik fojk ;h fe nzro/I UjBK Bz{ Jh;kJh pDkUD dh :'iBk pDk oj/ jB.Jh;kJh
gkdohnK ns/ vbj"Ih ns/ p/NB (Bethune) dhnK fJ;soh f;~fynk bJh ehshnK rJhnK e'fPPK d[nkok
GkoshnK Bz{ fJj ftPtk; j[zdk ik fojk ;h fe nzro/I ft~fdnk d[nkok UjBK dh ;~fGnsk Bz{ fi~sDk ukj[zd/
jB.@ ft~fdnk dcsoK Bz{ “P?skBh dcsoK@ dk BK fd~sk ikD b~rk ;h.

Nk;e GkoshnK d[nkok ft~fdnk dcsoK Bz{ “P?skBh dcsoK@ dk BK feUA fd~sk ikD b~rk ;h<

;?fBe ekoD ^bkov nkeb?av d/ ncrkB :[~X s'A pknd nB[Pk;B Bz{ pj[s X~ek b~rk ;h.bkov vbj'Ih B/
rqfj nfXekohnK (home authorities) Bz{ fbfynk ;h fe, “;?Bk dk nB[Pk;B T[Zu s'A fBwB nfXekohnK
s~e fBzdk:'r j' frnk ;h.@ pzrkb ;?Bk “fJ~e wjkB GkJhukok ;h fi; ft~u ;ko/ w?Apo J/esk Bkb ezw eod/
;B.@ ns/ ;/Bk dh ;/tk tzPkB[rks ;h.pzrkb ;/Bk dk 60# Gkr ntX ns/ T[Zso g~Swh GkrK s'A nkUAdk
;h ns/ T[; ft~u fInkdkso T[Zu iksh d/ pqkjwD ns/ okig{s e[b d/ w?Apo j[zd/ ;B i' nkw s"o s/ T[;
nB[Pk;B Bz{ ;theko eoD d/ T[s;[e BjhA ;B. fi; d/ nB[;ko UjBK ns/ fBwB iksh d/ ;?fBeK Bz{ pokpo
wzfBnk ikt/.;o ukob; B/fgno Bz{ fJjBK “T[Zu iksh@ feokJ/ d/ ;?fBeK s/ ftPtk; BjhA ;h.bkov vbj"ih
d/ rtoBo iBob j'D d/ ;w/A s'A fszB ;?fBe ftdo'j j' u[e/ ;B, 1849 ft~u 22t/A n?~BH nkJhH dk ftdo'j,
1850 ft~u 66t/A n?~BH nkJhH dk ftdo'j ns/ 1852 ft~u 38t/A n?~BH nkJhH dk ftdo'j.
“pzrkb ;/Bk d/ ;?fBe ntX dh ;koh n;?fBe iBsk dhnK GktBktK Bz{ gqrN eod/ ;B. w"bkBk nkIkd d/
nB[;ko ntX d/ ftb: B/ ;/Bk ft~u ns/ yk; s"o s/ pzrkb ;?Bk ft~u ftdo'jh GktBk dk nkozG ehskHHH
UjBK B/ nukBe fJj nB[Gt ehsk fe fJj Pesh i' ezgBh B/ UjBK dh ;/tk ns/ pfbdkB d[nkok gqkgs
ehsh j?, n~i UjBK d/ okik Bzz{ ysw eoD bJh gq:'r ehsh ik ojh j?.@
Gkos ft~u nzro/ih ;kwoki d/ gq;ko Bkb ;?fBeK dh ;/tk PosK s/ gqshe{b gqGkt fgnk .j[D UjBK Bz{ nkgD/
d/P s'A d{o ;/tk eoBh g?Adh ;h ns/ tkX{ G~sk th BjhA fwbdk ;h.;?fBe UjBK fdBK Bz{ :kd eod/ ;B id'A Gkosh
okik UjBK dh ;/tk s'A gq;zB j' e/ UjBk Bz{ ikrhoK ns/ g[o;eko fdzd/ ;B. j[D nzro/iK d/ f;zX ns/ gzikp dh

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