Page 158 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI

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gfjbK ;ko pokpo ;B d og ftu fdsk ;h. edosh jkbs fJe nikdh ns edos d fB:wK dnkok
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ftfBnfws ;wkBsk d/ ;h.
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edos d oki ftu fJe bkfJ;A; d BjhA ;h, jkbkfe ftnesh fe; th fpjso fpibh tbA nIkd ehsk frnk
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;h, Tj edos d fB:wK d nXhB ;h. edos d fB:wK tbA, nkdwnK d ihtB, nikdh ns ikfJdkd
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(;kwje pbkfJnk ikfJdkd) edosh nfXeko ftTsgB. edos d fB:wK d ekoB j, i TBK ƒ TBK d /
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Tfus fjsK d tb fBodPs dh Pesh d wkfXnw tbA wBy iksh bJh ikD iKd ;B. fbpoNh, be d bJh,
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nikdh bJh fJe eh ufDnk, BjhA ;h, bfeB edos d fB:wK dh ;hwk d ndo ekoi. nikdh nkdP
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gotebfgs ns ;Gt ekƒB d YKu d ndo jh ;h. ekƒB d nDjAd ftu eJh th nikdh ;h. ekƒB
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nikdh fdsh rJh j d og ftu fJj fe; jo ftnesh d wBwkB Yr tbA fJSk d nXhB jD tbA nkdwnK
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ofynk. fbpoNh ftneshrs nikdh ;h ns fJ; soK pkjo Pk;B rbkwh d og ftu fe; jo ftnesh d /
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wBwkB/ Yµr tb'A j't/rk nXhBsk dk wsbpL nikdh ƒ fBnsfos eoDk ns d{;onK ƒ, i BjhA j' ;edk j?,
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fiE eJh ekƒB BjhA ;h fj;k tbA nIkd j frnk ;h. fJe ;gPN fpnkB ftu, be B fejk j fe nikdh
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d og ftu nikdh ;G rbK ftu woh nkgD nkg dh fJSk dk gkbD eoD d bJh, fiE fB:w BjhA dk
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gqktXkB j? ns/ n;fEo, nfBPfus j?, nfrnks, fe;/ d{Zi/ nkdwh d/ wBwkB/ Yµr tb'A fJZSk d/ nXhB eoD
bJh BjhA j. be fJe ;fygs sohe tbA nikdh d nkgD ftukoK dh gPePL nkIkdh, sK nkdwh j ns /
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nkgDh fJSk d nB;ko nfGBJ dh nikdh d, nkgD jD d ekoB, i fe ekƒB ftu T;ƒ fjdkfJs eoD ftu
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;woEktkB j, Tj nkgD nkg d dnko gfoukshs eoDk j T¤s nkXkfos j ns T;ƒ gsk j fe Tj feBh
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do nkgD nkg d fJSk dh nikdh bJh Sv fdsk j.
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be ftneshrs ns wbe wkBtkfXekoA d og ftu nikdh ns nikdh dk pukt ehsk. eJh th fJe mhe
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wipo iK edos d oki ftu di T¤s jkth ;h. jo eJh fpBK fJe edosh nikdh bJh fJe ;wkB nfXeko
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j, iK fe; th jo nkdwh dh fJSk d nfXeko d nXhB eoD bJh ehsk ik fojk ;h. be ;gPN ehsk j fe
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edos d fB:wK i fJjh ekoB j fe sn ;B. nkswofynk d nfXeko ns eost d pknd tbA edos d /
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fB:wK tb'A gqkgs ehs/ rJ/, fJjBK ftu'A ;Gs'A wjZstg{oD ekƒB d/ T[bµxDk bJh fIzw/dko j'o b'eK ƒ cVB
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bJh s wip TBKƒ ;fink bJh mhe ;h. jkbkfe be ;gPN eoD bJh fJe nkg ƒ wkoB bJh fJe ftnesh
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d nfXeko ƒ ngtkBrh eo fdsk j, Tj mhe gdkB eoD bJh d;onK ƒ, i fJe fij og ftu ekƒB dh
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TbxDk ehsk ;h, iK ieo fJe ftnesh d ihtB dh Xweh fdsh ;h T¤s ws dh ;fink, ;fjs ;ik,
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gjuKd. be ;gPN og tbA ftnesh dh mhe eoD bJh nkswjfsnk ns jfsnk ƒ ngtkBrh eo fdsk.
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be edosh nfXekoK dh ntXkoDk ƒ f;XKse nkXko gqdkB ehsh j. TBK d f;XKs fsB okiBhse
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fBfjskoE ;hL (1) d pknd tbA wBy ftTsgB ns edos d ekƒB d sfjs ;wkB nfXeko dk nkBd fbnk
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TBK dh ;fjwsh d fpBK fe; jo d okiBhse nfXeko d sfjs eJh th ;Bl (2) oyoykt ns fJ;
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nfXekoK d fjckIs ;oeko dh wYbh ;wkoj ;h ns (3) nfXeko ;N ns ;oekoh nfXekoh dh ;hwk
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gfoGkfPs. be/ dbhb gB ns ico;B dnkok 18 th ;dh ftu djokfJnk frnk ;h, wjst nfXekoK dh
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;kotGfwesk ns ;ftXkBe ;kT ;oeko d ftuko d ftu fbe dh ;EkgBk ehsh ik ojh j. nwoheh
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(1776) d;d jJ nikdh dh xPDk j i ftu ftu ;GsA gftso 1789 d gkuhB roGXkoB d eub gBoXko
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ftu nikdh ns pknd ftu gfjbh tko nwohek d ;ftXkB bJh d; ;PXBA j fe fBowksk eM nftSfdn
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