Page 183 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI

g¤Swh okiBhse ftuko

B'N
/
?
'
µ
Z
/
[
/
d wkfXnw tbA wBy d fJsjk; d fBPkB Bshik j fe toswkB fdB Bkrfoe ;wki ftu. ;kwkie ;Xh
Z
'
[
/
Z
Z
/
q
Z
/
{
fJ; nkbuBktK d fe; th fJBeko BjhA eodk. tk;st ftu, fJe nfXnkJ o;K d ;GsA gf;X T¤XoD j, ?
'
/
'
?
{
Q
[
µ
/
/
/
/
µ
[
q
?
i nkgD gfjbK ew d dktnK gshXtBnK d Bkb Po jdk jL $ nkikd gdk nkdwh ;h, ns jo irk Tj
[
/
?
'
Z
?
/
iihoK ftu j. bfeB gfjbK d ;s;r d ftgohs, ;kwkie ;Xh fd;dk jnkr, ns fdytk ;kwkie ;Xh
'
'
/
µ
µ
µ
µ
/
/
Z
Z
µ
Z
tbA fJe fB:we eoD bJh nr tX bJh ;Gkfte gVskb.
'
8H5 n;wkBsk dk ftPb/PD (Analysis of Inequality)
'
{
/
/
/
Z
µ
?
[
?
?
[
;s;r ftu, o;K nkgD ;kwkie nkbuBk dh Bfse BhAj gdkB ehsh j ns edosh ;wkBsk ns eoDk j fe
q
nkdwhnK d ftu gkfJnk ik ;edk j bJh Bfse wbK dk ;os nBoyD dnkok edosh nfXeko d nkXko dk
Z
[
?
?
'
/
/
[
[
/
[
Z
{
Z
Z
q
[
{
/
/
Z
{
[
gsk brkfJnk. Tj fJe we ikBto d eM geko d og ftu edosh ftnesh dk toDB ehsk. wb gkg dh
[
µ
Z
q
[
/
/
/
Z
[
Z
Q
XkoBk ƒ ykfoi TBKB dbhb fdsk fe wBy PX ns ur gkDh d og ftu fJ; dBhnk ftu nkfJnk, bfeB
[
Z
/
Z
{
/
[
[
fJ; gfoenk ftu fGPN, ebfes, ftrfVnk jfJnk ns ;wki dnkok ngwkfBs. fJj TBK dh iKu dk wy
[
Z
µ
q
/
Z
'
[
q
Q
fpdh dk rmB ehsk j.
?
µ
[
{
[
/
Z
µ
Z
/
'
{
Z
?
µ
{
/
[
'
Z
'
/
/
[
'
'
/
o;K dk BwkfJP fetA wBy i ;tGkte og tbA sdo;s j, nSk, rrk ns wN so T¤s fJe di d pokpo
[
{
?
[
{
µ
Z
/
'
[
;B phwko, pokJh, ;MtkB ns pj[s fInkdk n;wkB pB frnk idA T[j ;wki ftu fwbkfJnk. nkXfBe
'
;wki dh ;GsA tvh vokTDh ;ukJh fJj j fe fJj fJe pjd n;wkB fJe ;h. fJ;kB d fvr bJh ekoDK
Z
[
Z
Z
Z
µ
Z
?
/
/
gqdkB eoD, nkX[fBe ;wki tb'A nkgD/ c?;b/ ƒ bkIwh o{g tb'A Bekokswe ;h. T[BQKB/ f;ZNk eZfYnk j? fe
/
[
Q
Z
TBK d ;ko ePPK d bJh, wBy etb nkgD nkg ƒ dyh eoD ftu ;cb fojk ;h.
[
'
/
/
/
/
[
Z
µ
/
Z
'
'
/
/
µ
Z
[
o;K wBy ftnesh d og ftu tofDs d Bkb ;gB eoD bJh uD d pknd tbA Tj fJe nIkd JiN ;h
{
[
/
µ
Z
{
/
Z
{
/
;woEk ns ftsh ns edosh nktr ftPk goh soK tbA BjhA, jo ikBtoK d og ftu ;B. fJ;d fJbktk,
/
'
'
q
Z
[
Q
/
/
{
Z
[
[
fJ;kB mhe jD ftu ;woEktkB ;h, i T;ƒ edos d oki tbA pkjo nkTD bJh ;woEktkB jDk ukjhdk j, ?
'
'
/
Z
'
'
Z
µ
[
[
[
Z
µ
/
/
?
bfeB fJ; gfoenk ftu fJe dh Ioos j ns TBKƒ ;sPN eoD dh ;woEk d ftu fJe n;sbB
Q
q
Z
[
Z
/
{
Z
Z
µ
[
{
pDkfJnk. ;fGnsk ioosK bJh fJSk rDk ;h, bfeB TBKƒ gok eoD ftu n;woEsk wBy dyh ehsk j.
?
Z
Z
[
[
Z
/
[
{
Q
[
[
Z
o;K ;kwroh ftu nkXfBe seBhe tbA ;fGnsk dk rmB ns/ yPh d og ftu Ponks dh soeh BjhA t /
[
Z
[
{
'
/
Z
{
/
[
[
q
[
fynk ;h. nkXfBe ;fGnsk pjs fInkdk n;wkB ;h, feTAfe fJj etb edosh gshpfps BjhA ehsk j, ?
µ
[
{
q
q
?
/
?
/
/
bfeB th fesfow n;wkBsktK j, ns fJ;bJh fGPN ns rbs ;h. o;K dk dbhb j fe ikfJdkd d /
'
[
Z
/
[
/
'
/
/
/
µ
Q
?
Z
nfXrojD n;wkBsk d ekoB ;es nkgD okPNo d g; ftu ;fwE dnkok uDsh fdsh idA TBKB fejk fe
[
/
?
Z
?
bGh ftnesh nBikB/ ftu wdd eoD bJh ;wki d/ g; ƒ nfXesw. Bfse GktBktK dk f;XKs o{g ftu
/
Z
'
/
Z
{
fJe ns o;sk ftu ;fwE (1759) B df;nk fe ftnesh nkg ouh nBikB g;k ns finkdk ftnkge og
/
?
/
[
Z
/
Z
?
Z
'
µ
Z
'
/
{
/
tbA tvtK eoD ftu wdd og ftu ;wkBsk dPfNeD eoD d bJh. ;fwE B fJj th fejk j fe ;ko /
q
'
'
/
/
/
[
/
µ
/
/
ftnt;knA, ieo fJBkw d tyo fvroh EetK ns w;hps d tyo fvroh d fybkc ;sfbs ;B, efbnkD
Z
Z
/
/
[
[
'
/
/
d fJe pokpo okPh Tgi jtrk.
Z
{
Z
[
o;K nBwkfBs ;kwkie ;wkBsk BjhA ;rA eb ;wkBsk d fJe tehb ;h. Tj n;wkBsk d d geko dh
'
q
'
[
/
/
[
/
{
nkfrnk bJh fsnko ;h. itkB ns gokD d ftu edosh n;wkBsk, ewio ns wips, ;MtkB ns woy
{
Z
/
/
'
/
[
{
[
/
;h, 2 n;wkBsk j fe i be ;wdkJ bJh ftPP ;tk gdkB go;fes tbA jJh ;h. edosh ns n;wkBsktK
[
q
[
[
'
'
/
/
?
/
'
q
'
/
176
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY