Page 220 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI

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Xow bJh TBKB th ;ftXkBe ekƒB, dh ;GktBk gfoefbgs.
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pAEw d wjkBsw :rdkB fBnkfJPk;so ns ;oeko (sabine 1973L 617) d yso ftu ;h. TBKB rGho
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og ftu eN, gogok d ;pX ftu bJh pbe;NB d ekƒB d nkXko d og ftu ;wK dnkok fdsk jfJnk
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;h. TBKB ekƒBK, nXeko ns nkgDh GkPk, nkgDh wBwkBkgB, nD^Tfus you j fe fJj j entailed
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ns eoo ;fink fe fJe Tgkn d og ftu f;ckfoP ehsh rJh ftu incomprehensiblity ftu doh dk
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ftoX ehsk. ukjdk ekƒB ndkbs, fJ;d n;gPNsk bJh :rdkB dk fJe Tsgkd ehsk ik foj d pikJ /
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T;B fJ;ƒ fXnkB tbA fyfunk ns coherently fJe ftXkfJfek dnkok ;gPN eoD bJh ekƒBh ftnkfynk
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ns ft;Eko bJh rikfJP xN d foj ;h. ekƒB d ;fjskeoD nfijh j fe fJj fJe n;s ftnesh d /
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dnko ;wfMnk ikDk jdk ;h. fJe pfBnkdh ;Xko fe TBKB ;Mkn fds d ;EkBkgso sBykj, dnkok
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tehbK dh ch; bJh fe nsjhB wedwpkih pd jdk ;h. TBKB fJe nBgukfoe, ;;sk^gD ns ;ob
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gfoehnk d ekƒB ndkbsK ftu gP eoD dh e;faP ehsh. TBKB f;ckfoP dh IpkBh rtkjh ns gko
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gohfynk fJe ;kotifBe eoN ftu fJe ii tbA gfjbK. TBKB tekbs dh fe fJ; fBnkbhnK dh ekotkjh
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fJe soK tbA fJe fgsk T;dh iKu d fJe gotko d ndo nkifis ehsk, idA T¤E ;h eJh fttkd iK fJe
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fttkd p;B bJh wkvfbr dh jDk ukjhdk j. TBKB fe jo eJh i fJe wkwb d pko ftu, ns ftPP og
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tbA gsk j fe gkoNhnK dh ;GktBk ;h, ;fDnk ikDk ukjhdk j T¤s io fdsk. ;fink dP, noEks fJj
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dnkok gGkfts beK dh frDsh dk Bshik nB;ko j frnk ;h. ieo ;kwkie dod xN ;h, sK fco ;fink
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ew rGho jDk ukjhdk j.
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Montesquieu dh soK , fJe ftXkfJe ;frnkB ekoeK dh soK beK dh ;hwk Pbe, gotkrojA, Xow ns /
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gogoktK ftu ekƒB codifying idA fe bDk ukjhdk j fe pAEw dbhba fdsk. 1811 ftu, TBKB ;:es oki
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nwohek d bJh, ns ftu fJe ftnkge ev ƒ nkeoPs eoD bJh dh gPeP eoD bJh nwoheh
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okPNogsh, madison fbfynk 1814 pDkfJnk fJe fJ; soK dh gPeP eoD bJh nbeiAvo wA o; ehsh.
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1832 ƒ 1824 tbA, Tj ;ftXkBe nroIh ;oeko dh fJe BthA gDkbh og oyk ev, fbfynk ;h. fJj fJe
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m; fj;k dk nkXko pB frnk 1832 ;Xko fpb. fJj fJ; ekoB tbA 1844 ftu t;Nfw;No ;fwfyne mhe
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jh fe xPDk fe ;h. n;h pAEw d fJe :r ftu ofjd jK.
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pAEw yPh j, ns BjhA fbpoNh, oki d ns d og ftu fBoXkos j. oki fJe irsh ftnesh dhnK
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ioosK ƒ gok eoD bJh pDkfJnk frnk ;h. yPh ƒ pVktk dD d bJh, TBKB rohpK d ekƒBK dh ;EkgBk,
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iooswd bJh n;gskbA dk T;koh, workhouses poirkoA bJh pBkU, gBoftsoD d tosA bJh Ne;K
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bth, gsy Ne;K ftu ewh, idA fJe iooswd wIfow ;h Be;kB bJh dP d ghvahsK d gshcb dDk,
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okPNoh ;ofynk dh ofynk, ndkbsK ns nKsfoe gfb; dh ;EkgBk, Td:r, bpb ijohbk gdkoE ƒ
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bkGdkfJe ikDekoh dk g;ko eoD dh bV dh f;ckfoP ehsh, fBPkB j rDtsk ns wkb, dh wksok bJh wek
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bJh fJe nfXesw wb fBoXkos, TgbpX eokTD ;ofynk ns rikok dnkok nBki Yo iK nBki Gvko
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boutes TsgkdeK, eoD d ojh poirkoh dh tko ftu fBtP ƒ gs;kfjs, ntPeA bJh gNAN nBdkB,
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pAeK ƒ ftfBnfws, dh ;EkgBk ns ggo wdok d wd T¤s ;oekoh JekfXeko pdfbnk jfJnk rkoNh, be
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poirko ew, povK dh ;EkgBk eoD bJh T;koh ftu BEh, ;;EkBK, ftPtftfdnkb:A ns pus pAeK,
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;;s g;Ni gdkB eod jB, fJe ;oekoh tehb dh fB:esh, ns j;seyg d fybkc itkB d ;rfj ns /
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