Page 132 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

fJekJh^6L ;wkfie–nkofEe nkXko ns/ ;zftXkB d/ w[Zy bSD
fJekJh^6L ;wkfie–nkofEe nkXko ns/ ;zftXkB d/ w[Zy bSD
fJekJh^6L ;wkfie–nkofEe nkXko ns/ ;zftXkB d/ w[Zy bSD
fJekJh^6L ;wkfie–nkofEe nkXko ns/ ;zftXkB d/ w[Zy bSD
fJekJh^6L ;wkfie–nkofEe nkXko ns/ ;zftXkB d/ w[Zy bSD
Bz{ BtK y/so ns/ ftP/ gqdkB eod/ jB. fJj gqfeqnk fBozso ubdh ofjzdh j? ns/ “ftek; dh fdPk fJe BØN
fBoD/ d/ pknd d{i/ fBoD/ d[nkok fBoXkos j[zdh ofjzdh j? id se fe nzfsw fBoD/ d/ pj[s d{o noE BjhA
brk d/.” T[dkjoD bJh, ;otT[Zu fBnKfbnk B/ fBfjs Pesh d/ f;XKs (Implied Power) ;fji Pesh
n'r
d/ f;XKs (Sanctity of Contracts) gqEk j'o fBofDnK d[nkok Pk;B dk wkor jh pdb fdZsk j?. n'rn'r
n'r
n'r
ns/ o/ d/
ns/ o/ d/
ns/ o/ d/
ns/ o/ d/ ftuko ftu fBnKfbnk “fBozso nfXt/PB ftu ofjD tkbk ;zt?XkfBe ;zw/bB” (A King of
ns/ o/ d/
Continuous Constitutional Convention) j? i' ;zftXkB T[jh j? fi; Bz{ i~i ej/ fe fJj ;zftXkB j?.”
w[Bo
w[Bo' d/ PpdK ftu “jo/e ;'wtko Bz{ ;otT[Zu fBnKfbnk d/ fBoD/ dh x'PDk d/ Bkb ;zftXkB ftu
w[Bo
w[Bo
w[Bo
gfotosD j[zdk ofjzdk j?.”
(3) gqEktK ns/ nfG;w/A – tkfPzrNB B/ fejk ;h
(3) gqEktK ns/ nfG;w/A – tkfPzrNB B/ fejk ;h
(3) gqEktK ns/ nfG;w/A – tkfPzrNB B/ fejk ;h
(3) gqEktK ns/ nfG;w/A – tkfPzrNB B/ fejk ;h
(3) gqEktK ns/ nfG;w/A – tkfPzrNB B/ fejk ;h, “;w/A ns/ nkds ;oeko s/ wkBth ;z;EktK dk
;Zu ;o{g fBPfus eoB d/ bJh io{oh j?.” nwoheh ;zftXkB d/ ftek; ftu th gqEktK ns/ nfG;fwnK
(Costoms and Convention) dk wj~stg{oB :'r fojk j?. fJj Pk;B d/ nkXkoG{s ns/ w"fbe fBnw
pD rJ/ jB, T[BQK ftu'A j/m fby/ T[b/yBh jB – ;zftXkB ftu okPNogsh d/ fBotkuB dh ngqsZy g~Xsh
ngDkJh rJh j? gozs{ gqEktK B/ T[; Bz{ gqsZy fBotkuB dk o{g d/ fdZsk j?. (ii) ;zftXkB ftu wzsohwzvb
dh ftnkfynk BjhA j?. gozs{ gqPk;eh ftGkrK d/ ;bkj eosk ;z;Ek d/ o{g ftu wzsohwzvb Bz{ iBw fdZsk
j?. (iii) “;zXhnK d/ ;EkB T[s/ ekoiekoh ;wM"sk” (Executive agreement) gqEk dh jh d/D j?. (iv)
eKro; ftu ‘ekT[e;’ (Caucus) ns/ ;whsh gqDkbhnK dk ftek;. (v) ;ko/ XB ftX/ne dk gqshfXh ;Gk
ftu d[pkok ;Ekfgs j'Dk. (vii) okiBhfse dbK ns/ T[;d/ ;ko/ nzrK dk ftek; – ekT[e; (Caucas)
;zw/bB, ;whshnK, gb/Nckow, fBXh nkfd gqEktK dh d/D jB. (viii) tkfPzrNB d/ ;w/A fJj gqEk
nkozG j'Jh fe fe;h ftnesh dk d' tko s'A fInkdk okPNogsh BjhA j'Dk ukjhdk. 1940 JhH se fJ;
gqEk dk gkbB j'fJnk. nzs ftu, 1961 JhH s'A fJ;Bz{ t?XkfBe o{g gqdkB ehsk frnk. (ix) fB:[esh–
;zpzXh f;B/N'ohnb eoN;h (Senatorial Couresy) dh gqEk wj~stg{oB j?.
(4) okiBhfsfrnk ns/ BkrfoeK d[nkok ftnkfynktK L
(4) okiBhfsfrnk ns/ BkrfoeK d[nkok ftnkfynktK
(4) okiBhfsfrnk ns/ BkrfoeK d[nkok ftnkfynktK L
(4) okiBhfsfrnk ns/ BkrfoeK d[nkok ftnkfynktK L L ;zftXkB dh ftnkfynk ftu okiBhfsr
(4) okiBhfsfrnk ns/ BkrfoeK d[nkok ftnkfynktK L
(Politicians) ns/ ;kXkoD Bkrfoe th Gkr b?Ad/ jB, Gkt/A fJj Pk;B ftu gdkfXekoh BjhA j[zd/. fJBQK
ftnov
ftnov
ftnov
ftu okiBhfse dbK d/ B/sktK dk ezw T[b/yBh j?. ftnovftnov B/ T[dkjoD fdzd/ j'J/ fejk fe ;zftXkB i' Xkok
2 ftu fJj ftnt;Ek ehsh rJh j? fe okiK d[nkok fB:[esh “fBotkue” (Electorates) fJe~so j'e/
okPNogsh Bz{ u[DKr/. ;zftXkB fBowksktK dk T[d/P ;h fe dbpzdh iK fBfjs ;EkBK T[s/ :'r ftnesh
okPNogsh Bz{ u[DBr/, gozs{ n~i ftT[jko ftu fBotkue okiBhfse dbK ns/ wsdksktK dh fJZSk Bz{ ekoi
o{g d/D bJh opV ;NKg (Rubber Stamp) dk ezw eod/ jB fJ; gqeko b~yK nwoheh wsdksktK B/
okPNogsh d/ fBotkuB Bz{ fJe dw pdb fdZsk j?.
) L^
) L^
;zP'XB dh gqfeqnk (
;zP'XB dh gqfeqnk ( ) L^
;zP'XB dh gqfeqnk (
;zP'XB dh gqfeqnk (
;zP'XB dh gqfeqnk (Procedure for Amendment) L^) L^ nwoheh ;zftXkB d/ iBeK d/ d' T[d/P ;B –
(1) ;zftXkB dh ftXhnK Bz{ ;ot'gfosk gqdkB eoBk ns/ (2) ;zftXkB ftu nBfwnsk ns/ Bfwnsk dk
skbw/b eoBk. ;zftXkB fJe gft~so gqb/y j?, T[;dhnK ftXhnK d/P dhnK ;otT[Zu ftXhnK jB T[BQK d/
fBowkD ns/ gfotosD dh gqDkbh ;kXkoD ftXh s'A fGzB j'Dh ukjhdh. fco ;EkJhgB ;zftXkB dk fJe
r[D j?, gozs{ fJ; ;fEosk d/ nB[e{b nkgD/ ftu gfotosD fbnk ;e/l gozs{ T[j gfotosD nfijk j'Dk
ukjhdk j? fe ;zftXkB dh nkswk iK ;to{g jh ysw Bk j' ikJ/. uhc i;fN; wkoPbuhc i;fN; wkoPb
uhc i;fN; wkoPb B/ fejk ;h fe
uhc i;fN; wkoPb
uhc i;fN; wkoPb
“n;hA fJj edh BjhA G[Zb/ fe fJj ;zftXkB ;dhnK se ;EkJh oj/rk ns/ T[;Bz{ wB[~y ihtB d/ ftfGzB
;ze/sK d/ nB[e{b ftnt;fEs j'Dk gJ/rk.” nwoheh ;zftXkB d/ fBowksk fJ; s~E s'A g{oBsk ikD{ ;B.
fJBQK T[d/PK B/ ;zP'XB dh fJe ftfPPN gqDkbh Bz{ ;EkB fdZsk.
gqfeqnk dh Xkok –
gqfeqnk dh Xkok –
gqfeqnk dh Xkok –
gqfeqnk dh Xkok – nwoheh ;zftXkB d/ gzit/A nB[S/d ftu ;zftXkB d/ ;zP'XB dh gqfeqnk dk T[b/y j? –
gqfeqnk dh Xkok –
“eKro;, id fe;/ Bz{ d'tK ;dBK d/ d'–fsjkJh pj[ws s'A io{oh ;wM/, ;zftXkB ftu ;zP'XB gq;s[s eo ;e/rh
iK d'–fsjkJh okiK d/ ftXkBwzvbK dh p/Bsh T[s/ ;zP'XB bJh fJe – eBt?APBK d[nkok d'tK ftu'A fi; fe;/ Yzr
B{z eKro; ;theko eo/, ;zs[PN eo fdZsk ikt/rk sK T[j fJ; ;zftXkB dk t?X nzr pD ikJ/rk.”
(e) gq;sktBk L^
(e) gq;sktBk L^
(e) gq;sktBk L^
(e) gq;sktBk L^
(e) gq;sktBk L^ ;P'XB dk gq;skt fbnkT[D d/ bJh d' g~XshnK dk T[b/y ehsk frnk j?. gfjbk eKro;
d/ d't/ ;dB nkgD/ d' fsjkJh pj[s/ ;zP'XB dk gq;skt gq;skfts eo ;ed/ jB. ;otT[Zu fBnKfbnk d[nkok

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