Page 14 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
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8 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
ywsktK ns/ nkdsK Pkfwb jB i' wB[~y B/ ;wki d/ fJ~e w?Apo j'D d/ Bks/ nofis ehshnK jB.” “;z;feqsh
gfonktoD dk wkBt^fBofws Gkr j?.” fJ; bJh ;G ;ziksh fJekJhnK ;z;feqfse ;w{j jB, ns/ fJ;
bJh ftfGzB b'eK dh wkDeh wkBsktK d/ ;zdoG ft~u UjBK dh ;fEsh ;wkB j?. fJ; bJh ;zikshtkd fJ~e
;z;feqfse s~E j?, ns/ fJ; gqeko e'Jh th ;z;feqsh “Pq/Pm” iK “fBwB” BjhA j?. ;zftXkB d/ nB[;ko,
Gkos fJ~e Xow^fBog~y oki j? fi; ft~u iksh, ws, y/so, GkPk ns/ Xow nkfd d/ nkXko s/ ftG/d ns/
G/dGkt d/ bJh e'Jh EK BjhA j?. b'eK Bz{ “w{b^nfXeko” gqdkB ehs/ rJ/ jB fiBQK d/ nB[;ko nkfd iK
gqd~s ftukoK bJh nkX[fBe Gkos ft~u e'Jh ;EkB BjhA j?.
1H2H1 ;zikshtkd ns/ ;z;feqsh
1H2H1 ;zikshtkd ns/ ;z;feqsh
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fJ~e ;ziksh ;w{j d/ w?Apo fJj ;'u ;ed/ jB fe UjBK dk ;w{j fJ~e nd[~sh gqeko dk j?. Uj nkw s"o
s/ ;wkB tzPkeqw, ;z;feqfse ftok;s, GkPk, Xow ns/ nkofEe fjsK d/ nkXko s/ tk;sfte iK ekbgfBe
;w{fjesk d/ ;zdoG ft~u ;'ud/ jB. ;G ;ziksh ;w{j ;w{fjesk j'D d/ dkt/ s'A pknd th nzdo{Bh o{g Bkb
;sohfeqs jB. ;zikshtkd Gkos dh ;wkfie ;zouBK dk fJ~e Gkt[e gfjb{ pD u[ek j?, ns/ fJ; bJh n~i
;ziksh dokoK, MrV/, fjz;k ns/ nkg;h B|os gkJh iKdh j?. eh ;ziksh ;w{j tor jB< eh Uj iksh
;w{j dh soK jh jB< Gkos ft~u pj[ ;w[dkfJe iK pj[;ziksh iks ns/ tor T[Zs/ nkXkfos ;w{j
go;go^ftnkgs jB. ;wkfie ;soheoB ns/ nfGfrnkB d/ fszB nkXkoK noEks ;zikshtkd, iks ns/
tor ft~u ftG/d ;wMD bJh fJBQK ;w{jK dh ;zdoGsk Bz{ ;wMDk wj~stg{oB j?.
fJ~e d/P ft~u nB/eK ;w[dkJ/ gkJ/ iKd/ jB, fJBQK dh T[sgsh ns/ gqt;B d/ pko/ ft~u s~EK s'A fJBQK dh
;~fGnsk d/ fJfsjk; dk p'X j[zdk j?. n~i Gkos dh iB^;zfynk 100 eo'V s'A fInkdk j?. n~i s'A brGr
80 ;kb gfjbK ;o jopoN foIb/ B/ Gkos ft~u fjzd{nK ft~u 2378 w[~y ikshnK d/ pko/ ft~u ikDekoh fd~sh.
ftyzvB ns/ ;wkfie rshPhbsk d/ ekoD fJj ;zfynk j[FD sK Io{o jh 3000 s'A nfXe j' rJh j?. ftfGzB
ikshnK ft~u ftnkj ;iksh, n;zr'soh ns/ wksk^fgsk d/ ;whg ;zpzXhnK d/ fB:wK dk gkbD eoB/ j'J/
ehs/ iKd/ jB. fJBQK iksh ;w{jK s'A fJbktk w[;bwkB, Jh;kJh, f;~y, gko;h, i?B ns/ nB/e iBiksh ;w{j
;w[dkJ/ jB fiBQK ft~u ftnkj ns/ j'o ;wkfie feqnktK nkgD/ nkgD/ ;w[dkJ/ s~e jh ;hfws jB.
ed/ ed/ ;ziksh ;w{j nkgD/ sEkefEs tk;sfte fjsK d/ ekoD fJ~e d{i/ d/ fto[~X j' iKd/ jB. fJ; soK
dk NeokU ;zgodkfJesk dk o{g th XkoD eo b?Adk j?. nfijh nt;Ek ft~u e[M ;w{j nkgDh pj[;zfynk
Pesh iK Pq/Pm ;wkfie T[drs dk bkG T[mk e/ okPNoh ;kXBK d/ nfXesw Gkr Bz{ nkgD/ bJh jfEnkT[D
ft~u ;cb j' iKd/ jB. j'o bx{ ;w[dktK Bz{ UjBK dk T[fus fj~;k BjhA fwb gkUAdk. fJ; ekoD ftfGzB
;ziksh ;w{jK ft~u nkg;h nftPtk;, ftoesh ns/ o[~y/gD dhnK gfo;fEshnK g?dk j' iKdhnK jB. ;ziksh
;w{jK Bz{ “nkfd ;w{j” fejk iKdk j?. fJ~e ws sK fJj j? fe ;ziksh ;zxoP dk w{b ekoD “;kg/y tzuB”
j?. “ftoD^fBnK” ftG/de nfGrwsk ns/ ;z;feqfse ftG/d ;ziksh ;w~f;nk d/ w[~y nk:kw jB. ed/ ed/
;ziksh ;zxoP “nzsozrh” ns/ “pkjoh” d/ ft~u G/d eoB d/ ekoD th T[sgzB j[zdk j?. ;G ;wkiK ft~u
“jw^GktBk” “Uj” iK pkjoh d/ fto[~X gkJh iKdh j?. ngqtk;hnK d/ Bkb “ftd/PhnK” fijk fttjko ehsk
iKdk j?. fJ; soK dh ;w~f;nk T[; ;w/A T[ZGodh j? id'A n;wh, pzrkbh, r[ioksh, T[Vhnk, fjzdh, ePwhoh,
gzikph, T[od{, wokmh ns/ f;zXh GkPh b'e okPNoh ;zdoG ft~u fJ~e d{i/ s'A fGzB ;wMd/ jB. fJ~e oki
d/ b'e d{i/ oki d/ w?ApoK Bz{ pkjoh ;wMD brd/ jB. fJjh ws nzdo{Bh ns/ pkjoh d/ ft~u G/d eoB bJh
skofee s"o s/ T[g^y/soK, PfjoK, e;fpnK ns/ fgzvK T[Zs/ bkr{ j' ;edk j?. gqPB fJj j? feL eh n;hA
fJ; Bz{ ;zikshtkd efj ;ed/ jK< T[Zso ;kcL Bekokswe j?. Gkos fJ~e pj[;ziksh ;wki j? fi; ft~u
gqiksh, iks, GkPk, Xow ns/ y/so d/ nkXko s/ fGzBsktK gkJhnK iKdhnK jB.
1H2H2 Gkosh ;wki ns/ Xow
1H2H2 Gkosh ;wki ns/ Xow
1H2H2 Gkosh ;wki ns/ Xow
1H2H2 Gkosh ;wki ns/ Xow
1H2H2 Gkosh ;wki ns/ Xow
1931 dh iBrDBk d/ nB[;ko Gkos ft~u 10 Xkofwe ;w{j ;B. fJBQK ft~u fjzd{, f;~y, i?B, p[~X,
I'ok;fNqnB, w[;fbw, Jh;kJh, :j{dh ns/ j'o iBiksh ns/ r?oiBiksh Xkofwe ;w{j Pkfwb jB. 1961
dh iBrDBk ft~u e/tb ;~s Xkofwe e'NhnK Bz{ nzfes ehsk frnk j?. fJj jBL fjzd{, w[;fbw, Jh;kJh,
f;~y, p[~X, i?B ns/ j'o Xow ns/ ;zgodkJ/. Gkos ft~u Xow tk;st ft~u fJ~e ifNb s~E j?. T[dkjoD