Page 15 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

fJekJh^1L Gkosh ;wki
fJekJh^1L Gkosh ;wki
fJekJh^1L Gkosh ;wki
fJekJh^1L Gkosh ;wki
fJekJh^1L Gkosh ;wki
bJh ftfGzB ;soK s/ ;z;feqfse ns/ iBiksh Xow d/ s~s fwPfos o{g ft~u gkJ/ iKd/ jB. fJjh r~b dhox BØN
ns/ bx{ gozgoktK ft~u nzso^feqnk dh gqfeqsh d/ pko/ ft~u ejh ik ;edh j?. ;z;feqfse fjzd{ Xow ns/
iBiksh Xow dk J/eheoB th gkfJnk iKdk j?. T[dkjoD bJh ;zEkb T[Zu iksh d/ eJh fsUjkoK Bz{ wBkUAd/
jB, Uj fBwB ns/ “nS{s” ikshnK d/ fsUjko th wBkUAd/ jB. e[M iBikshnK fPt dh g{ik eoBhnK
jB. n?wH n?BH PqhfBtk; d/ nB[;ko ftfGzB iBikshnK ft~u fJ~e ;wkB ;z;feqsheoB BjhA j[zdk. fJ~e jh
iBiksh d/ ftfGzB torK ft~u th ;wkB o{g ft~u ;z;feqsheoB BjhA gkfJnk iKdk.
fgSb/ eJh dPeK s'A Jh;kJh ns/ fJ;bkw Xow Bz{ ngDkT[Dk fJ~e fttkd Gfonk gqPB pfDnk j'fJnk j?.
fJj fejk iKdk j? fe fJ; ;dh d/ d{i/ dPe ns/ ;[szsosk s'A pknd fgSV/ torK ns/ iBikshnK d/ w?ApoK
B/ Xow gfotosB eo e/ Jh;kJh, fJ;bkw ns/ f;~y Xow Bz{ ngDk fbnk. fpjko, pzrkb, n;w ns/ j'o
GkrK ft~u pj[s ;ko/ nkfd^tk;hnK B/ fjzd{ Xkofwe ekoiK ns/ fttjko gqshwkBK Bz{ ;theko eo fbnk.
jIkoK johiBK B/ T[Zso gqd/P ns/ wjkokPNo ft~u p[~X Xow Bz{ ngDk fbnk. bkbu d/ e/ iK dpkn gk
e/ Xow gfotosB Gkos d/ ;zftXkB ns/ d/P d/ ekBz{B d/ fto[~X j?. Xow gfotosB d/ nB/eK ekoD
T[ZsodkJh j' ;ed/ jB. gqzs{ fInkdkso b'eK B/ Xkofwe e~NogzEsk s'A w[esh gkUD bJh Xow gfotosB
ehsk j?.
nbg^;zfyne XowK d/ b'eK ft~u ;kyosk dk gqshPs pj[^;zfyne Xow d/ b'eK s'A nfXe j?. nfijk
gko;h, i?B, :j{dh ns/ Jh;kJh ;w[dktK ft~u t/fynk frnk j?. Jh;kJhnK Bz{ S~v e/ fJBQK ;w[dktK d/ w?Apo
fjzd{nK ns/ w[;fbwK s'A nfXe ;zfynk (nB[gkfse nkXko) ft~u tgko ns/ eko'pko ft~u b~r/ j'J/ jB. fJ~e
nfXn?B d/ nB[;ko ukj/ gko;h, :j{dh ns/ i?B ftftX XzfdnK ft~u BjhA jB, fco th tgko ft~u Uj j'o
;w[dktK s'A n~r/ jB. feUAfe fjzd{ ns/ w[;bwkB ;zfynk ft~u nfXe jB ns/ g{o/ d/P ft~u t;/ jB, fJ;
bJh Uj ftftX eko'pkoK ft~u b~r/ j'J/ jB. nbg^;zfyne ;w{j ftfPPN y/soK, T[g^y/soK ns/ PfjoK
ft~u e/Adfos jB, fJ; bJh Uj tgko eoB bJh bkGekoh ;fEsh ft~u jB. ;hohnB Jh;kJh, w'gbk,
gko;h ns/ d{i/ ;w{j e/ob ns/ wjkokPNo ft~u wj~stg{oB ;EkB T[Zs/ ofjD d/ ekoD ckfJd/ ft~u oj/ jB.
n?wH n?BH PqhfBtk; B/ Xow dh G{fwek dh iKu ftneshnK ns/ ;w{jK d/ ft~u fJ~e pzXBekoh Pesh d/
o{g ft~u ehsh j?. gqzs{ fJ; s'A th nfXe wj~stg{oB d/yD dh r~b fJj j? fe Xow fJj ezw fet/A eoBk
j?, ns/ Xow fet/A feqnkPhb ofjzdk j?. ekob wkoe; dh :[esh “Xow iBsk dh n|hw j?”, ;jh gkJh
ik ;edh j?, i/eo Xow e[M u[D/ j'J/ b'eK d/ j~EK ft~u P'PD dk fJ~e :zso pD e/ ofj iKdk j?. gqzs{ PqhfBtk;
Xkofwe fttjko Bz{ ;wkfie ihtB dk fJ~e nzr wzBd/ jB. UjBK B/ fszB r~bK dk fIeo ehsk j?L (1) g/Av{ ns/
j'o ;EkfBe ;soK s/ ftfGzB ikshnK ns/ Xkofwe ;w{jK ft~u ;zpzX, (2) d/P d/ nkofEe ftek; ft~u Xow dh
nkw G{fwek, ns/ (3) Xow ns/ ;wkfie^nkofEe ftP/PkfXeko.
Gkos ft~u pj[iksh fgzvK dh soK pj[sks BjhA j?. fco th, T[Zso gqd/P ft~u fjzd{ ekPseko ns/ w[;fbw
G{^;tkwh, ns/ fjzd{ G{^;tkwh ns/ w[;fbw ekPseko fwbd/ jB. eoBkNe d/ okwg[o fgzv ft~u e[M pVe/
fjzd{ fIwhdkoK d/ ekPseko ns/ B"eo w[;bwkB ;B, ns/ w[;bwkB fIwhAdko d/ ekPseko ns/ B"eo fjzd{
;B. feUAfe w[;bwkBK e'b IwhB fInkdk BjhA ;h, Uj nB/eK soK d/ nkofEe ezwK ft~u b~r/ j'J/ ;B.
fjzd{ nzpK d/ prhfunK d/ wkfbe ;B, gqzs{ w[;bwkB nzpK dk tgko eoB/ ;B. fjzd{ ns/ w[;bwkB fsUjkoK,
ftnkjK ns/ j'o nt;oK T[Zs/ fJ~e d{i/ Bkb feqnkPhb gkJ/ rJ/ jB. id'A th fe;/ ;w[dkJ/ d/ b'e nkofEe
y/so ft~u e[Pbsk gqkgs eoB/ jB, sK d{i/ Xow d/ b'e T[;d/ T[gG'rsk iK rqkje pD iKd/ jB.
j'bh, dhtkbh, d;fjok, Jhd, BtK ;kb nkfd nB/eK nt;oK s/ PfjoK ft~u fjzd{ ns/ w[;bwkB fJ~e d{i/
dk nfGtkdB eoB/ jB. dzfrnK ns/ ;zeN dhnK gfo;fEshnK ft~u UjBK B/ fJ~e d{i/ dh o~fynk ehsh
j?. Btzpo 1984 d/ fd~bh ft~u ns/ j'o PfjoK ft~u j'J/ dzfrnK ft~u fjzd{nK B/ pj[s ;ko/ f;~yK dk pukn
ehsk ns/ UjBK Bz{ PoD fd~sh. gzikp ft~u f;~y ns/ fjzd{ ;dhnK s'A PKsh Bkb oj/ jB.
Xkofwe ;w[dktK ns/ UjBK d/ eko'pkoK ns/ XzfdnK ft~u ;zpzX j[zdk j?. T[dkjoD bJh Pokp d/ tgko
gko;hnK d/ j~EK ft~u jB. w'gbk tgkoh nkw s"o s/ e/ob, w?;{o, wdok; ns/ pzpJh ft~u gkJ/ iKd/ jB.
fJ;/ soK i?B tgkoh pzpJh, r[ioks, oki;EkB, eoBkNe ns/ pzrkb ft~u ofjzd/ jB. fJ; soK dk ;zpzX
fgzvK ft~u th gkfJnk iKdk j?. fjzd{ Xow ft~u r[ioksh, pkDhnk, s/br{, e'wsh, sfwb, u/fNnko ns/

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