Page 17 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

fJekJh^1L Gkosh ;wki
fJekJh^1L Gkosh ;wki
fJekJh^1L Gkosh ;wki
fJekJh^1L Gkosh ;wki
fJekJh^1L Gkosh ;wki
dk T[g:'r eoB/ jB, UjBK Bz{ UjBK gqsheK dk noE ;wMDk ukjhdk j?. GkPk ;z;feqsh dk fJ~e gfjb{ BØN
j?, fi; d/ d[nkok f;~yD dh gqfeqnk gqGkfts j[zdh j?. ns/ ihtB g~Xsh ft~u fBozsosk ns/ gfotosB dk
;wkt/P j[zdk j?. frnkB ;zuD GkPk s'A fpBK n;zGt j?.
e[M b'eK dk GkPk d/ fbfys ns/ w"fye d'jK g~yK T[Zs/ nkfXgs j?, id'A fe ;kXkoD iB ;wki dh e/tb
w"fye gfjb{ s~e jh gj[zu ofjzdh j?. ;z;feqfse GkPk iK j'o e'Jh GkPk e[M ftneshnK bJh fJ~e ;kXB
pD ;edh j? id'A fe j'o b'eK bJh GkPk d/ frnkB dh ewh ;wkfie ns/ ;z;feqfse rshPhbsk ft~u fJ~e
pkXk gqwkfDs j' ;edh j?. ed/ ed/ GkPkJh ;w{j iK ;zrmB fdqVQ nkfd Pesh pD e/ fJ~e ;ziksh iK
;zgodkfJe ;w{j ft~u gfotofss j' e/ j'o nfij/ jh ;w{j dk fto'X eo ;ed/ jB.
GkPk fJ~e ihtB^Pesh j?. fJj fJ~e ;fEo gqxNBk BjhA j?. ;wkfie ;zouBKtK, Pk;e torK ns/ ftfPPN
fJfsjkf;e gfo;fEshnK ft~u gfotosBK d/ nB[o{g GkPk ft~u th gfotosB j'fJnk j?. gqkuhB ekb ft~u
gkbh ns/ gqkfeqs GkPktK dk wj~st ;h. ;z;feqs GkPk B/ g{o/ d/P ft~u fjzd{ Pk;soh ;z;feqsh d/ tkje dk
ezw ehsk. ;z;feqs s'A pknd n;wh, pzrkbh, r[ioksh, fjzdh, ePwhoh, wokmh, T[Vhnk, gzikph, f;zXh ns/
T[od{ nkfd nkX[fBe Gkosh nkfonk GkPktK dk ;EkB ;h. wokmh s'A fJbktk Gkosh T[g^wjKdhg ft~u ;G
GkPktK dqkftV tzP dhnK jB, fJBQK ft~u w[~y sfwb, s/br{, wfbnkbw ns/ ezBV jB. fJBQK d'jK soK dhnK
GkPktK ft~u eJh b'e^p'bhnK jB fiBQK Bz{ ftfGzB GkPkJh y/soK d/ b'e p'bd/ jB.

gqkuhB ;z;feqsh ns/ ;~fGnsk dh s[bBk ft~u w~XekbhB Pk;eK B/ Bt/A gqeko d/ Xow, GkPk, fttjko d/ Yzr
ns/ gqEktK nkozG ehshnK. ;wkfie ftt;Ek ns/ nkofEe ;zouBK dk ;z;EkfBe nkXko pj[s j~d s~e
ngfotofss fojk. iksh ftt;Ek ns/ g/Av{ noEftt;Ek w~XekbhB Gkos ft~u fpBK fe;/ j;sy/g d/ ezw
eoBhnK ojhnK. gqzs{ Gkosh ;z;feqsh ns/ okiBhfse ;~sk dk o{gKsoD j'fJnk fi; dk gqGkt GkPk, ;z;feqsh
ns/ Xow s/ th fgnk. T[Zso Gkos ft~u “fjzd[;skBh” ihtB^g~Xsh dk T[d/ j'fJnk. fJ;bkwh d/PK s'A
nkJ/ ftd/Ph :ksohnK d[nkok fbfys toDBK s'A noph ns/ gofPnB GkPktK dk ftek; j'fJnk. ftd/Ph
Pk;B d/ pkti{d fjzd{ ;z;feqsh, iksh^gqEk ns/ g/Av{ noEftt;Ek fBozso pDh ojh. Gkosh nkfonk GkPktK
ibd jh ;kfjfse GkPktK pD rJhnK. fJBQK GkPktK d/ ftek; d/ cb;o{g T[Zu iksh nkfXgs ft~u froktN,
;z;feqs GkPk dh ntBsh, iB;kXkoD dh GkPk ns/ b'e^fgqnk w[jktfonK d/ gq:'r d/ Bkb Xkofwe ns/
;wkfie ;[Xko dhnK bfjoK nkfd ;z;feqfse gfotosB j'J/. fjzd{ ns/ w[;fbw ;z;feqshnK d/ NeokU d/
ekoD eJh o[uhg{oB Bshi/ fBeb/, fiBQK ft~u'A T[Zso Gkos ft~u fJ~e fwbh i[bh ;z;feqsh dk iBw w[~y Bshik
;h.
frqno;B d/ nB[;ko Gkos ft~u 179 GkPktK ns/ 544 b'e GkPktK jB. gqzs{ fJ; nB[wkB Bz{ nfXfeqs BjhA
wzB ;ed/ feUAfe “GkPktK” d/ nzsors b'e p'bhnK dh frDsh th ehsh iKdh j?. Gkosh ;zftXkB d/
8t/A nB[S/d d/ nB[;ko 15 wkfDs GkPktK jB. fJj jBL n;wh, pzrkbh, r[ioksh, fjzdh, ezBV, ePwhoh,
wfbnkbw, wokmh, T[Vhnk, gzikph, ;z;feqs, f;zXh, sfwb, s/br{ ns/ T[od{. nzrq/Ih d/ Bkb fjzdh Bz{ oki
GkPk dk doIk fd~sk frnk j?. oki;EkBh, w?fEbh, wDhg[oh ns/ B/gkbh GkPktK p'bD tkb/ b'eK B/ wzr ehsh
j? fe UjBK dhnK GkPktK Bz{ th 8t/A nB[S/d ft~u Pkfwb ehsk ikt/. pj[s ;ko/ b'eK dh GkPk ;zEkbh, w[zvkoh
ns/ j' j?. nftGkfis Gkos ft~u 73# Gkosh nkfonk GkPktK, 20# dqkftV GkPktK, fJBQK fszB GkPk^;w{jK
d/ ft~u nzso^feqnk j[zdh ojh j?.
Gkos d/ okiK dh toswkB ;zouBK Gkos d/ GkPkJh BefPnK d/ ;wkB j?. oki g[BormB nk:'r B/ GkPkJh
fJeo{gsk ns/ B/Vsk d/ nkXko s/ okiK d/ fBowkD dh f;ckfoP ehsh ;h. gqzs{ fjzdh GkPh okiK noEks
fpjko, w~X gqd/P, T[Zso gqd/P, oki;EkB, fjwkub gqd/P ns/ gzikp d/ pko/ ft~u fJ~e ftvzpDk j?. fJBQK
okiK ft~u b'eK dhnK p'bhnK Bz{ fjzdh Bkb fwbk fd~sk frnk j?. fJ; soK g{ok y/so fjzdh y/so j? fi; ft~u
6 oki jB. j'o okiK noEks n;w, pzrkb, T[Vh;k, nKXok gqd/P, r[ioks, wjkokPNo, eoBkNe,
sfwbBkv{ ns/ e/ob ft~u UjBK b'eK dh ;zfynkswe pj[bsk j? i' nkw s"o s/ nkgD/ gqd/P dh GkPk p'bd/
jB.
T[Zso gqd/P, fpjko, w~X gqd/P ns/ oki;EkB nkeko ft~u t~v/ oki jB. fJBQK okiK d/ b'eK B/ ;w/A ;w/A
s/ S'N/ oki pDkUD dh wzr ehsh j?. fpjko ft~u S'Nk Bkrg[o ns/ ;zEkb gorBk ns/ pzrkb, T[Vh;k ns/

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