Page 185 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ 8 % mRiknu iQyu rFkk mRiknu osQ fu;e

8-7 ykxw gksus dh n'kk,¡ ;k dkj.k uksV
(Conditions of Applicability or Causes of Application)

?kVrs&c<+rs izfriQy osQ fu;e osQ ykxw gksus dh eq[; n'kk,¡ ;k dkj.k fuEufyf[kr gSaμ
1- lkèkuksa dh vfoHkkT;rk (Indivisibility of Factors)μc<+rs izfriQy dh voLFkk osQ ykxw gksus
dk eq[; dkj.k ;g gS fd mRiknu osQ oqQN lkèku vfoHkkftr gksrs gSaA bldk vFkZ ;g gqvk fd fdlh
oLrq dh ,d nh gqbZ ek=kk dk mRiknu djus osQ fy, fLFkj lkèku dh de ls de ,d bdkbZ dk iz;ksx
djuk vko';d gSA mRiknu dh izkjafHkd voLFkk esa mRiknu osQ fLFkj lkèku tSls e'khu dk vYi iz;ksx
gksrk gSA mlosQ iw.kZ iz;ksx osQ fy, ifjorZu'khy lkèku tSls Je dh vfèkd bdkb;ksa dh vko';drk
gksrh gSA blfy, izkjafHkd voLFkk esa ifjorZu'khy lkèku dh vfrfjDr bdkb;ksa dk iz;ksx djus osQ
iQyLo:i fLFkj lkèku dk iw.kZ iz;ksx gksus yxrk gSA ifjorZu'khy lkèku dh vfrfjDr bdkb;ksa dk
iz;ksx djus ls izfØ;k vkèkkfjr (Process Based) Je foHkktu laHko gks tkrk gSA bldk ifj.kke
;g gksrk gS fd ifjorZu'khy lkèku dh dk;ZoqQ'kyrk c<+ tkrh gSA fLFkj rFkk ifjorZu'khy lkèkuksa osQ
leUo; dk Lrj Hkh c<+ tkrk gSA blosQ iQyLo:i lhekar mRiknu c<+rk gS rFkk oqQy mRiknu Hkh
c<+rh nj ij c<+rk gSA
2- lkèku vuqikr esa ifjorZu (Change in Factor Ratio)μ?kVrs izfriQy dh voLFkk osQ ykxw gksus
dk eq[; dkj.k ;g gS fd mRiknu dk dksbZ ,d lkèku ifjorZu'khy gS rFkk ckdh lkèku fLFkj gSaA tc
ifjorZu'khy lkèku dk fLFkj lkèkuksa osQ lkFk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS rks ifjorZu'khy lkèku dh rqyuk
esa mudk vuqikr de gksrk tkrk gSA fdlh oLrq dk mRiknu lHkh lkèkuksa osQ lg;ksx dk iQy gSA tc
ifjorZu'khy lkèku dh ,d vfrfjDr bdkbZ dks fLFkj lkèku dh vis{kkÑr de bdkb;ksa osQ lg;ksx
ls mRiknu djuk iM+rk gS rks ifjorZu'khy lkèku dk lhekar izfriQy ?kVuk vkjaHk gks tkrk gSA
mnkgj.k osQ fy,] 10 gSDVs;j osQ ,d [ksr ij 5 Jfed dke djrs gSaA bu 5 Jfedksa dh esgur osQ
dkj.k Hkwfe dk iw.kZ iz;ksx gksrk jgrk gSA bl fLFkfr esa Hkwfe&Je vuqikr 2 % 1 gSA blosQ foijhr ;fn
Jfedksa dh la[;k dks c<+kdj 10 dj fn;k tk, rks Hkwfe&Je vuqikr 1 % 1 gks tk,xkA ;g Li"V gS
fd 1 Jfed 1 gSDVs;j Hkwfe ls 2 gSDVs;j Hkwfe dh rqyuk esa de mRiknu djsxkA blfy, tc Hkwfe
(fLFkj lkèku) dk ifjorZu'khy lkèku (Jfed) dh rqyuk esa vuqikr de gksxk rks ifjorZu'khy lkèku
vFkkZr~ Jfed dk lhekar mRiknu de gksxkA
3- viw.kZ LFkkukiUu (Imperfect Substitutes)μJherh tksu jksfcUlu osQ vuqlkj ?kVrh izfriQy
dh voLFkk osQ ykxw gksus dk eq[; dkj.k mRiknu osQ lkèkuksa esa ikbZ tkus okyh viw.kZ LFkkukiUurk
gSA ,d lkèku osQ LFkku ij nwljs lkèku dk iwjh rjg iz;ksx ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;fn fLFkj lkèku
dk iw.kZ LFkkukiUu laHko gksrk rks fLFkj lkèku osQ b"Vre iz;ksx (Optimum Use) osQ i'pkr~~ tc
ifjorZu'khy lkèkuksa dh vfèkd bdkb;ksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk rks fLFkj lkèku osQ LFkkukiUu dk iz;ksx
djosQ mldh ek=kk dks Hkh c<+k;k tk ldrk FkkA bl fLFkfr esa mRiknu esa igys vuqikr esa gh o`f¼
djuk laHko gksrkA ijarq okLrfod thou esa mRiknu osQ lkèku viw.kZ LFkkukiUu gksrs gSaA blfy, mRiknu
osQ ,d lkèku osQ LFkku ij nwljs lkèku dk iz;ksx ugha fd;k tk ldrkA blfy, tc fLFkj rFkk
ifjorZu'khy lkèkuksa dk mi;qDr vuqikr esa iz;ksx djuk laHko ugha gksrk rks ifjorZu'khy lkèku dk
lhekar mRiknu ?kVus yxrk gSA

8-8 fu;e dk LFkxu (Postponement of the Law)

?kVrs&c<+rs izfriQy osQ fu;e dk fuEufyf[kr n'kkvksa esa LFkxu laHko gSμ
(i) mRikn rduhd esa lqèkkj (Improvement in Technique of Production)μmRiknu rduhd

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