Page 190 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

O;f"V vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar

uksV (iii) ifjorZu'khy lkèku dk oqQ'kyre iz;ksx (Most Efficient Utilisation of the Variable
Factor)μtc fLFkj lkèku osQ lkFk ifjorZu'khy lkèku dh c<+rh gqbZ bdkb;ksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk
gS rks ,d ,slh fLFkfr vkrh gS ftlesa lcls vfèkd mi;qDr Je foHkktu laHko gksrk gSA blosQ
iQyLo:i ifjorZu'khy lkèku tSls Je dk lcls vfèkd mi;qDr iz;ksx laHko gksrk gS rFkk mldk
lhekar mRiknu vfèkdre ek=kk ij fLFkj gks tkrk gSA

fLFkfr (Situation) 3: lkèku osQ ?kVrs izfriQy ;k ?kVrs izfriQy dk fu;e
(Diminishing Returns to a Factor or Law of Diminishing Returns)

lkèku osQ ?kVrs izfriQy ;k ?kVrs izfriQy dk fu;e og fLFkfr gS ftlesa oqQy mRiknu ml le; ?kVrh gqbZ
nj ij c<+rk gS tc fLFkj lkèku ;k lkèkuksa dh fuf'pr bdkbZ osQ lkFk ifjorZu'khy lkèku dh vfèkd bdkb;ksa
dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA bl fLFkfr esa ifjorZu'khy lkèku dk lhekar mRiknu de gksrk tkrk gSA vU; 'kCnksa
esa] mRiknu dh lhekar ykxr c<+rh tkrh gSA
ek'kZy osQ vuqlkj] ^^;fn Ñf"k dyk esa mUufr ugha gks rks Hkwfe ij yxkbZ xbZ iw¡th rFkk Je dh
bdkb;ksa esa o`f¼ djus ls oqQy mit esa lkèkkj.kr;k mlls de vuqikr esa o`f¼ gksrh gSA** (An
increase in the amount of capital and labour applied in the cultivation of land
causes, in general a less than proportionate increase in the amount of produce
raised unless it happens to coincide with an improvement in the art of agriculture.
—Marshall)
cksfYMax osQ vuqlkj] ^^tSls&tSls ge vU; c¡èks lkèkuksa osQ lkFk iz;ksx esa vkus okys fdlh ,d lkèku
dh ek=kk dks c<+krs tkrs gSa] oSls&oSls ml ?kVrs&c<+rs lkèku dh HkkSfrd lhekar mRikndrk vo'; de
gksrh tk,xhA** (As we increase the quantity for any one input which is combined with
fixed quantity of other inputs, the marginal physical productivity of the variable
input must eventually decline. —Boulding)

mnkgj.k (Illustration) : rkfydk 3 rFkk fp=k 8-3 osQ }kjk lkèku osQ ?kVrs izfriQy dks Li"V fd;k

tk ldrk gSA

rkfydk 3. lkèku osQ ?kVrs izfriQy (Diminishing Returns to a Factor)
Je dh bdkb;k¡ iw¡th dh bdkb;k¡ oqQy mRiknu lhekar mRiknu

13 1 110 10
14 1 118 8
15 1 124 6
16 1 128 4
17 1 128 0
18 1 126 μ2

mijksDr rkfydk ls Kkr gksrk gS fd tSls&tSls Je dh vfèkd bdkb;ksa dk iw¡th dh fLFkj bdkb;ksa osQ lkFk
iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS rks oqQy mRiknu ?kVrh nj ij c<+rk gS rFkk ik¡poha bdkbZ osQ ckn fxjuk vkjaHk gks tkrk
gSA ifjorZu'khy lkèku vFkkZr~ Je dk lhekar mRiknu ?kVrk tkrk gSA ;g ,d fcanq osQ i'pkr~~ 'kwU; rFkk
½.kkRed Hkh gks ldrk gSA
fp=k 8-3(A) ls Kkr gksrk gS fd oqQy mRiknu ?kVrh nj ij c<+ jgk gS rFkk fcanq P osQ ckn fxjuk vkjaHk
gks tkrk gSA fp=k 8-3(B) esa uhps dh vksj fxjrh gqbZ MP oØ ls Kkr gksrk gS fd ifjorZu'khy lkèku dk
lhekar mRiknu ?kVrk tk jgk gSA mRiknu rduhd esa lqèkkj djosQ bl fu;e dks LFkfxr fd;k tk ldrk gSA

184 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY