Page 220 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

O;f"V vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar

uksV 9-6 vYidkyhu vkSlr ykxr oØ ‘U’ vkdkj dh D;ksa gksrh gS\
(Why is the Short Run Average Cost Curve ‘U’ Shaped?)

vYidkyhu vkSlr ykxr oozQ U vkdkj dh gksrk gSA bldk vfHkizk; ;g gqvk fd ;g oozQ igys uhps dh
vksj fxjrh gSA blosQ i'pkr~~ ,d U;wure fcanq ij igq¡prk gS vkSj fiQj mQij mBus yxrk gSA vkSlr ykxr oozQ
osQ U vkdkj osQ gksus dh O;k[;k fuEufyf[kr rhu izdkj ls dh tk ldrh gSμ
(i) vkSlr fLFkj ykxr rFkk vkSlr ifjorZu'khy ykxr dh varfozZQ;k (Interaction of Average
Fixed Cost and Average Variable Cost)μvkSlr ykxr (AC), vkSlr fLFkj ykxr (AFC)
rFkk vkSlr ifjorZu'khy ykxr (AVC) dk tksM+ gSA mRiknu esa tSls&tSls o`f¼ gksrh tkrh gS vkSlr
fLFkj ykxr ?kVrh tkrh gS] vkSlr ifjorZu'khy ykxr esa Hkh 'kq: esa deh vkrh gSA blfy, vkjaHk esa
vkSlr ykxr Hkh ?kVrh tkrh gS tSlk fd fp=k 9-7 osQ A fcanq rd vkSlr ykxr oozQ uhps dh vksj
fxj jgh gSA vkSlr ykxr oozQ fxjrs&fxjrs A fcanq ij U;wure gks xbZ gSA bl fLFkfr esa iQeZ dh mRiknu
{kerk dk iw.kZ mi;ksx gksus yxk gSA mRiknu dh bl ek=kk dks vkn'kZ mRiknu (Optimum Output)
Hkh dgrs gSaA mRiknu dh ek=kk dks bl lhek ls vkxs c<+kus ij ;|fi vkSlr fLFkj ykxr oozQ (AFC)
rks fxjrh tkrh gS ijarq vkSlr ifjorZu'khy ykxr oozQ (AVC) esa o`f¼ gksus yxsxhA blosQ iQyLo:i
vkSlr ykxr oozQ Hkh mQij dh vksj mBus yxrk gSA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd AVC osQ c<+us dh
nj AFC osQ ?kVus dh nj ls dgha vfèkd gSA blosQ ifj.kkeLo:i oqQy izHkko vkSlr ykxr osQ
c<+us vFkkZr~ AC oozQ osQ mQij dh vksj mBus osQ :i esa vkrk gSA bl izdkj vkSlr ykxr oozQ] vkSlr
ifjorZu'khy ykxrksa rFkk vkSlr fLFkj ykxrksa dk tksM+ gksus osQ dkj.k igys uhps fxjrh gS blosQ i'pkr~~
U;wure fcanq ij igq¡prh gS fiQj blosQ ckn c<+uk vkjaHk gks tkrh gSA
(ii) ?kVrs&c<+rs vuqikr osQ fu;e dk ykxw gksuk (Application of the Law of Variable
Proportions)μvYidky esa mRiknu osQ fdlh ,d lhfer lkèku osQ lkFk vU; ?kVrs&c<+rs lkèkuksa
dk iz;ksx djus ls mRiknu ?kVrs&c<+rs vuqikr osQ fu;e vuqlkj gksrk gSA vkjaHk esa tc ,d fLFkj lkèku
osQ lkFk ifjorZu'khy lkèkuksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS rks fLFkj lkèku dk vfèkd oqQ'kyrkiwoZd iz;ksx
gksus yxrk gSA blosQ iQyLo:i vkSlr ykxr de gksus yxrh gSA fp=k 9-7 ls Kkr gksrk gS fd A fcanq
ls igys mRiknu ij c<+rs izfriQy ;k ?kVrh ykxr dk fu;e (Law of Increasing Returns
of Law of Diminishing Costs) ykxw gksus yxrk gSA blls fl¼ gksrk gS fd mRiknu osQ fLFkj
lkèkuksa dk vfèkdre mi;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSA ;g fLFkfr oqQN lhek rd cuh jgrh gS vkSj fiQj ,d
lhek osQ ckn mRiknu ij leku izfriQy ;k leku ykxr dk fu;e (Law of Constant
Returns or Constant Cost) ykxw gks ldrk gS] ;g fLFkfr fcanq A ij utj vk jgh gSA fcanq A
osQ i'pkr~~ tc fLFkj lkèkuksa dh iw.kZ {kerk dk mi;ksx gksus yxrk gS rks ifjorZu'khy lkèkuksa dk
vfèkd iz;ksx djus ls mudk vkSj caèks lkèkuksa dk vuqikr de gks tkrk gSA blosQ iQyLo:i
ifjorZu'khy lkèku dh dk;ZoqQ'kyrk de gks tkrh gSA
mRiknu esa gksus okyh o`f¼ dh nj ?kVus yxrh gS vkSj vkSlr ykxr oozQ osQ U vkdkj gksus dk dkj.k
mRiknu ij ?kVrs izfriQy ;k c<+rh ykxr dk lkèku osQ izfriQy dk ykxw gksuk gSA vkSlr ykxr
fu;e (Law of Diminishing Returns or Law oozQ osQ fxjus dh izo`fÙk c<+rs izfriQy osQ dkj.k
gS] blosQ fLFkj jgus dh izo`fÙk fLFkj izfriQy osQ
of Increasing Costs) ykxw gksus yxrk gSA c<+rh
dkj.k gS rFkk var esa mQij mBus dh izo`fÙk ?kVrs
ykxr osQ fu;e osQ ykxw gksus osQ dkj.k fcanq A osQ
izfriQy osQ dkj.k gSaA
i'pkr~~ vkSlr ykxr mQij dh vksj mBus yxrh gSA
9-7 lhekar ykxr (Marginal Cost)

fdlh oLrq dh ,d vfrfjDr bdkbZ dk mRiknu djus ls oqQy ykxr esa tks varj vkrk gS mls lhekar ykxr
dgrs gSaA bls fuEufyf[kr lw=k }kjk Li"V fd;k tk ldrk gSA eku yhft, 5 oLrqvksa dh oqQy ykxr 135

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