Page 21 - DEDU403_EDUCATIONAL_TECHNOLOGY_HINDI

'kSf{kd rduhdh

uksV izLrkouk (Introduction)

yqElMsu (Lumsdane) us 'kSf{kd rduhdh dks rhu izeq[k mikxeksa@:iksa esa oxhZÑr fd;k gSµ

(1) dBksj f'kYi mikxe ;k 'kSf{kd rduhdh izFkeA
(2) dksey f'kYi mikxe ;k 'kSf{kd rduhdh f}rh;A
(3) iz.kkyh fo'ys"k.k ;k 'kSf{kd rduhdh r`rh;A
(1) dBksj f'kYi mikxe ;k 'kSf{kd rduhdh izFke (Hardware Approach or Educational

Technology I)µdBksj f'kYi mikxe osQ vUrxZr f'k{k.k&lgk;d&lkexzh ij fo'ks"k tksj fn;k tkrk gSA ;g
mikxe HkkSfrd foKku rFkk bathfu;¯jx osQ fl¼kUrksa ,oa O;ogkjksa ij vk/kfjr gSA bl mikxe dk tUe HkkSfrd
foKku rFkk vfHk;U=k.k rduhdh (Physical Sciences and Engineering Technology) ls gqvk gSA
vf/drj yksxksa dk fo'okl gS fd e'khu dh rduhdh ls 'kSf{kd rduhdh tqM+h gqbZ gSA tc rd f'k{k.k osQ {ks=k
esa VsifjdkWMZj] Vh-oh-] izkstsDVj tSls midj.k ugha gksaxs rc rd f'k{kk v/wjh gh jgsxhA dBksj f'kYi mikxe bu
midj.kksa osQ vfuok;Z mi;ksx dh /kj.kk dks cy'kkyh cukrk gSA Msoht us Hkh Lohdkj fd;k gS fd dBksj f'kYi
mikxe f'k{k.k izfØ;k dk Øe'k% e'khuhdj.k djosQ] f'k{kk osQ }kjk de [kpZ rFkk de le; esa vf/d Nk=kksa
dks f'kf{kr djus dk iz;kl py jgk gSA eSfjye fuDlu (1971) us Hkh f'k{k.k rduhdh dks vusd {ks=kksa ls
lacaf/r ekuk gS vkSj dgk gS fd bldk dk;Z O;fDr ,oa lekt dh 'kSf{kd vko';drkvksa dh lUrqf"V djuk gSA
MsfoM (1971) osQ vuqlkj ;g rduhdh] f'k{k.k vkSj izf'k{k.k osQ fy, vR;Ur vko';d gSA flYojeSu us
blhfy, bls f'k{kk esa rduhdh osQ uke ls iqdkjk gSA
bl mikxe osQ iQyLo:i i=kkpkj ikB~;Øe rFkk eqDr fo'ofo|ky; (Correspondence Education and

Open University System) dk tUe gqvkA 'kks/ dk;ks± esa izi=kksa osQ ladyu fo'ys"khdj.k vkfn osQ fy,
dEI;wVj rFkk e'khuksa dk mi;ksx Hkh blh mikxe dks egÙo nsrk gSA flYojeSu (Silverman, 1968) us bls
,d vkSj u;k uke lkisf{kd rduhdh (Relative Technology) fn;k gSA MkW- #gsyk osQ 'kCnksa esa] “This
part of Education Technology refers to tools and hardwares such as teaching machines,
T.V., tape recorders etc. which are used in instructions. okLro esa f'k{k.k vkSj vf/xe osQ
{ks=k esa e'khuksa rFkk dBksj f'kYi mikxeksa dk p;u rFkk iz;ksx djuk gh 'kSf{kd rduhdh izFke ;k
Hardware Approach Educational Technology-I dgykrh gSA

dBksj f'kYi mikxe dk loZizFke ,-,- yqElMsu (A.A. Lumsdeine) us o.kZu fd;k FkkA bl mikxe dks
JO;&n`'; lkexzh Hkh dgk tkrk gSA blesa e'khuksa dh rduhdh ij tksj gSA bldk fo'okl gS fd e'khu vuqns'ku
(Instruction) dk dk;Z djrh gS vkSj bldk lEcU/ vuqns'ku osQ KkukRed i{k ls gksrk gSA ;g mikxe
fuEukafdr rhu ckrksa ij fo'ks"k cy nsrk gSµ
(i) Kku dk lap; djuk (Preservation)
(ii) Kku dk izlkj.k djuk (Transmission)
(iii) Kku dk foLrkj djuk (Advancement)

uksV~l gkMZos;j (dBksj f'kYi) osQ vUrxZr pkWdcksMZ] jsfM;ks vksojgSM izkstsDVj] LykbM izkstsDVj] oh-lh-vkj]
Vh-oh- rFkk ekWuhVj] dEI;wVj] oSQyoqQysVj] dEI;wVj fiz¯UVx e'khu] vkWfM;ks o foT;qy fjdkWMZj vkfn dks
j[kk tk ldrk gSA

MkW- oqQekj rFkk pUnz osQ 'kCnksa esaµ
“It is important to note that these mechanical devices were not safety designed and
invented to fulfil the instructional requirement. Rather, they were designed for

14 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY