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'kSf{kd rduhdh
uksV vuqfØ;k] lfØ; O;ogkj dh bdkbZ gksrh gSA ^vuqfØ;k] vkaf'kd ;k iw.kZ :i esa izR;sd vxys in osQ fy;s míhiu
dk dke Hkh djrh gSA* Nk=kksa dh lgh vuqfØ;k vf/xe dks izHkko'kkyh cukus esa lgk;d cukus esa lgk;d gksrh
gS vkSj xyr vuqfØ;k vf/xe esa ck/d gksrh gSA
míhiu rFkk vuqfØ;k D;ksafd Nk=k osQ O;ogkj ifjorZu esa lgk;d gksrs gSa vkSj O;ogkj ifjorZu gh ,d izdkj
ls vf/xe gksrk gS] vr% ;s nksuksa vfHkØfer vuqns'ku osQ ewy rRo dgs tkrs gSaA
(2) O;ogkj rFkk O;ogkj Ük`a[kyk (Behaviour and Behaviour Repertoire)µO;ogkj ls gekjk
rkRi;Z gS mu fØ;kvksa ls tks f'k{k.k osQ mís';ksa dks izkIr djus osQ fy, Nk=k djrs gSaA
“Behaviour is the total response of the organism to situations of life. It considers inner
and overt behaviour and also combines the study of inner mental processes and other
outer behaviour.”
vfHkØfer&vuqns'ku osQ lUnHkZ esa O;ogkj] míhiu&vuqfØ;kvksa osQ fof'k"V lewg dks dgk tkrk gSA vuqfØ;k]
O;ogkj dh ,d ;wfuV gSA míhiu&vuqfØ;k feydj O;ogkjksa dks fodflr djrh gSA
O;ogkj Ük`a[kyk (Behaviour Repertoire) og Ük`a[kyk gS] ftlesa vusd vuqfØ;k;sa (Responses) ,d
lewg esa rk£dd fof/ ls O;ofLFkr dh tkrh gSaA
fofHkUu izdkj dh vusd O;ogkj Ük`a[kyk;sa feydj Nk=k dk O;ogkj fu/kZfjr djrh gSaA O;ogkj Ük`a[kyk] Nk=k
dks mlosQ xq.k ;k fo'ks"krk iznku djrh gSaA vf/xe Lrj esa O;ogkj Ük`a[kyk rhu oxks± esa oxhZÑr dh tkrh gSaA os
gSaµ
(a) ljy foHksnhÑr O;ogkj Üka`[kyk (Simple Discriminative Repertoire)µblesa Nk=k Lora=k
rRoksa] cká oLrqvksa vFkok ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks igpkurk gSA
(b) Øec¼ O;ogkj Üka`[kyk (Serial Repertoire)µblesa Øec¼ :i ls vuqfØ;k djrk gSA
(c) Lor% /kfjrk O;ogkj Üka`[kyk (Self Sustained Repertoire)µblesa ljy] foHksnhÑr rFkk
Øec¼] nksuksa izdkj dh Ük`a[kyk;sa gksrh gSa ijUrq blesa cká míhiuksa osQ LFkkuksa ij] míhiu] Nk=k osQ Lo;a
osQ O;ogkj ls (vkUrfjd) mRiUu fd;k tkrk gSA
(3) iqucZyu (Reinforcement)µiqucZyu fdlh fØ;k osQ ckn ?kVus okyh ,d ,slh ?kVuk gS tks ml fØ;k
dks iq"V djrh gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa ml fØ;k osQ iqu% ?kfVr gksus dh lEHkkouk c<+ tkrh gSA ¶iqucZyu dk lEcU/
okrkoj.k dh mu ?kVukvksa ls gksrk gS tks fdlh vuqfØ;k osQ djus dh lEHkkouk esa o`f¼ djrh gSaA uohu O;ogkj
vFkok ifjorZu Nk=k dh mu vuqfØ;kvksa ij fuHkZj gksrk gS] ftUgsa míhiuksa ls cy iznku fd;k tkrk gSA míhiuksa
dh os ?kVuk;sa rFkk ifjfLFkfr;k¡ tks vuqfØ;k dks mRiUu djrh gSa] ^iqucZyu* dgykrh gSaA¸ ('kekZ] 1996)
iqucZyu nks izdkj osQ gksrs gSaµ
(a) /ukRed iqucZyu (Positive Reinforcement)µ,sls míhiu ftuosQ izLrqrhdj.k ls fdlh vuqfØ;k
osQ gksus dh vk'kk c<+ tkrh gS vFkok lgh vuqfØ;k gksus ij iz'kalk] 'kkcklh] iqjLdkj vkfn feyrs gSa
rks mls /ukRed iqucZyu dgk tkrk gSA /ukRed@ldkjkRed iqucZyu Nk=kksa osQ okafNr O;ogkjksa@vuqfØ;kvksa
dks n`<+ djus osQ fy, fn;k tkrk gS ftlls fd Nk=k bl O;ogkj dks nqckjk djsaA
(b) ½.kkRed@udkjkRed iqucZyu (Negative Reinforcement)µ½.kkRed@udkjkRed iqucZyu]
Nk=kksa osQ vokafNr O;ogkjksa@vuqfØ;kvksa dks de djus osQ fy;s fn;k tkrk gS rkfd og bl O;ogkj dks
nqckjk u djsA tSlsµn.M nsuk] ¯unk djuk] Mk¡Vuk] Øksf/r gksukA
è;ku jgs /ukRed iqucZyu] ½.kkRed dh vis{kk vf/d izHkko'kkyh gksrk gSA vr% ;FkklEHko /ukRed iqucZyu
dk vf/dre iz;ksx djuk pkfg,A
246 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
