Page 18 - DHIS204_DHIS205_INDIAN_FREEDOM_STRUGGLE_PUNJABI

Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh )
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh0) )) )
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh
BØN tko/B j/;fNArI dk ftPtk; ;h fe ;koh G{wh Pk;e dh j?.T[;B/ nfBPfus ;z:[es ns/ g[Ps?Bh nfXekoK
dh ntj/bBk ehsh.fIwhAdkoK Bz{ e/tb eo ;zrqfjeosk wzfBnk fiBQK Bz{ fe;kBK sA eo fJ~emk eoD bJh
Ø
f;oc nkgDh nkVs (commission) dk jh nfXeko ;h.
;zsPiBe oki;t ftt;Ek ;Ekfgs eoD bJh T[;B/ gqf;~X gohyD ns/ nP[~Xh (trial and error) dk fB:w
Ø
ngDkfJnk.
1772 ft~u tko/B j/;fNArI B/ eo ;zrqjD d/ nfXeko T[~uh pØbh tkb/ Bz{ gzi ;kbK bJh Bhbkw eo fd~s/.fJ;
soe s/ fe fIwhAdko G{wh dk ;tkwh BjhA j?,T[; Bz{ Bhbkwh ft~u eJh Po/Pmsk BjhA fd~sh rJh pbfe T[;d/
Ø
o;s/ ft~u o[ektN gkJh rJh.

ekBz{Bh ;[Xko^
ekBz{Bh ;[Xko^ tko/B j/;fNArI B/ w[rb o{go/yk s/ nkXkfos fBnkn gqDkbh Bz{ ngBkUD dh eØfPP ehsh.
ekBz{Bh ;[Xko^
ekBz{Bh ;[Xko^
ekBz{Bh ;[Xko^
1772 ft~u jo fIb/ ft~u fJ~e dhtkBh ns/ fJ~e cidkoh ndkbs ;Ekfgs ehsh rJh.dhtkBh fBnkn
Ω
ebeNoK d/ nXhB j[zdk ;h.Uj jo soK d/ wkwb/ ;[Dd/ ;B.fjzd{nK T[Zs/ fjzd{ ftXh ns/ w[;bwkBK T[Zs/
w[;fbw ftXh bkr{ j[zdh ;h.500 o[gJ/ s~e d/ wkwb/ ;[D/ ik ;ed/ ;B.T[; sØA T[~go ;do dhtkBh ndkbs
ft~u nghb jØ ;edh ;h fi;d/ nfXneP ;otØu gfoPd d/ gqXkB ns/ dØ jØo w?Apo j[zd/ ;B.UBQK dh wdd
bJh Gkosh nfXekoh j[zd/ ;B.
fibk cidkoh ndkbs fJ~e Gkosh nfXekoh d/ nXhB j[zdh ;h fi;dh wdd bJh w[csh ns/ fJ~e ekIh j[zdk
Ω
;h.eb?eNo Bz{ fJj d/yDk j[zdk ;h fe rtkjh mhe soK bJh rJh ns/ T[; T[Zs/ mhe mhe ftuko ehsk frnk
j?.fBnkn y[~bh ndkbs ft~u j[zdk ;h.fJ~E/ w[;fbw ekBz{B bkr{ j[zdk ;h.wΩs dk dzv ns/ ;zgsh dh Ipsh
bJh ;do fBIkws ndkbs Bz{ gqwkfDs eoBk (confirmation) Io{oh ;h. fIbk fBIkws ndkbs sA nghb
Ø
;do fBIkws ndkbs ft~u j[zdh ;h,fi;dk w[yh T[gfBIkw j[zdk ;h.fJ~e w[~y ekIh, fJ~e w[~y w[|sh ns/
fszB wbth T[;dh wdd eod/ ;B.fJ; ;do fBIkws ndkbs dk fBohyD gfoPd ns/ T[;d/ w[yh eod/
Ω
;B.

ebkJht dk w[~bKeDL
ebkJht dk w[~bKeDL
ebkJht dk w[~bKeDL Gkos ft~u nzro/ih ;kwoki dk n;bh ;z;Ekge ebkJht jh ;h.T[;B/ ;w/A dh rsh
ebkJht dk w[~bKeDL
ebkJht dk w[~bKeDL
Bz{ ;wfMnk ns/ Uj mhe fdPk ft~u tfXnk.T[;B/ nkgD/ fto~Xh v[gb/ Bz{ wks fd~sh ns/ ;EkJh Bshi/ gqkgs
ehs/.T[;dk noekN Bz[ x/oBk (1751) fJ~e pj[s jh e[Pbskg{oD ukb ;h fi; Bk+ eoBkNe ft~u |qk;h;hnK
fto[~X gk;k gbN frnk.(1757) d/ gbk;h d/ :[~X ft~u fi~s sA pknd Btkp T[;dh emg[sbh pD
Ø
frnk.pzrkb ft~u ;kXBK dk T[g:Ør eoe/ T[;B/ d~yD Gkos Bz{ fi~s fbnk ns/ |qk;h;hnK Bz{ pkjo eo
fd~sk.;G sØA t~vh/ r~b fJj ;h fe T[;B/ tgkoe ;z;Ek Bz{ gqd/fPe ;z;Ek pDk fd~sk.pzrkb ft~u fJ; dh
G{fwek ;wokN^fBowksk dh ;h.idØA 1765 ft~u T[j d[pkok pzrkb nkfJnk sK T[;B/ ezgBh dh BhAj Bz{ g~ek
eo fd~sk.;~u jh poe B/ T[;Bz{ “t~vh^t~vh BhjK o~yD tk+k” dk BK fd~sk j?.
fJ~e nkX[fBe nfX::B ft~u go;htb ;ghno B/ ebkJht d/ pko/ ft~u fejk j? fe “Gkos ft~u nzro/ih ;kwoki
sK pD jh iKdk, gqzs{ T[;dk ;o{g n~br j[zdk ns/ T[; ft~u ;wK th fInkdk brdk. T[;d/ nB[;ko, ebkJht
Ω
Gkos ft~u nzro/ih ;kwoki dk fBowksk jh BjhA pbfe Gft~y dk nrqd{s th ;h. T[j ;kwoki dk ;z:ie jh
Ø
BjhA pbfe T[; ft~u Bt/A^Bt/A gq:r eoD tkbk ;h fi;B/ BthA ;zGktBktK dk gsk brkfJnk.ebkJht Gkos ft~u
Ø
nzro/ih ;kwoki dk nrqrkwh ;h.
/
ebkJht d/ XB^bkbu ns e[fNbsk d/ nkbØue th ;B.nzro/ih ;z;d ft~u T[; T[Zs/ pj[s dØP brkJ/ rJ/ fe
T[;B/ nt?X Yzr Bk+ T[gjko gqkgs ehs/, fJ~e nP[~X gozgok ;Ekfgs ehsh fi; Bk+ pzrkb ft~u 1760
ns/ 1764 dhnK eqKshnK jJhnK.T[;B/ ;Ø;kfJNh cko Nq/v pDk e/ pzrkb Bz{ b[~ND dh :ØiBk pDkJh.d[joh
Ø
gqDkbh dk T[d/P nzrq/ih Pesh dh ;EkgBk ;h Bk fe iBsk dk fjs.pzrkb Bz{ Jh;N fJzvhnk ezgBh dh ikrho
pDk fd~sk frnk. ;odko e/Hn?wH gzBheo B/ ;~u jh fejk j? fe 1765 sA 1772 s~e ezgBh B/ pzrkb ft~u
Ø
“vke{nK dk oki ;Ekfgs eo fd~sk ns/ pzrkb Bz{ nftt/e o{g Bk+ b[~fNnk.fJ; ;w/A ft~u nzrq/ih ;kwoki
dk ;G sA GΩAvk o{g d/yD Bz{ fwfbnk ns/ pzrkb dh iBsk B/ pj[s d[~y T[mkfJnk.
Ø
ebkJht fJ~e okiBhfse f;~X BjhA jfJnk.T[j nzsodoPh sK ;h go d{odoPh BjhA.T[;d/ gqPk;fBe ;[XkoK
Ø
d/ ekoD T[;d/ T[ZsokfXekohnK bJh pj[s ;kohnK w[PfebK yVhnK jØ rJhnK.nkw sΩo s/ fJj fejk iKdk

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