Page 106 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI

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fBnK iK ;u dh soK T¤u bePK bJh fJe ;kXB j, bfeB nkgD s;h ftu fJe ns ;h. fJe ;cb oki dh B'N
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e;Nh :rsk ns BjhA, tXsk, sK ekƒBh ns roekBBh dBK okiK bJh bkr okiBhsh dh nkgDh ebk ;h.
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Tj fJ;ƒ bD bJh fdsh rJh j fe okiK, nkdwhnK dh soK ftnkge og tbA edos ftu ty jtrk. TBK Q
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B fJj th gekP gkfJnk fe Nkeo s ;fEo ;kwkie ftt;Ek d ;wA ftu, ;ko Bfse ;tkb wkBdvK i '
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;wdkJ d PnoK d ;doG ftu ufenk ik ;edk j?, nvbsk d ;wA ftu nkgD nkg ƒ fJ; wkBdµvK i '
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gSfrS ehsh j ns wBy d wkBdvK d fybkc iKu ehsh j fJSktK ns ioosK. cfwBk d nB;ko (2004)
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wunftbh ;kT pjbtkd, nkXfBe gPk;B bJh Iooh ;EkgBk ehsh, fe okiBhsh d wYbh TdP bJh
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ftftX ftnki ns wbK dh jV dk dkntk j ƒ jb eoD bJh frnk ;h.
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HHHHHdoPB dBK pkb pkb wekwh ns ;ehoD fdBKfes ;h. ieo Tj fJNbh ƒ Sve fe; /
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th dP ftu fbfynk j, iK ;h fe Tj fJNbh ftu ;Xko dh Ponks d pknd fbfynk
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ns owB froik xo ftu ekTANo ;Xko dh Ponks d pknd jD th finkdk j, fJj
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n;Gt j eoD bJh brdk j fe Tj Xow d og ftu fJbki ehsk iktrk T;B eh ehsk.
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;Xko fJe Xkofwe ndbB j fe 16 th ;dh ftu :og tr nfXeko f;XKs, ns owB eEbhe froik xo
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d woDso frs uDsh Gogo j, bEo ekbftBtkd ns gN;NAN froik xo ƒ iBw d ojh ;h 31 nespo,
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1517, wkofNB bEo (1483^1546) froik xo d dotki T¤s Wittenberg ftu BE gi Theses g;N ehsk
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j, dh xPDk j fe Xow ftneshrs ftPtk; dh rb ;h, dbs fe gg dk gd fxfonk jfJnk j ns /
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neowe nkfrnkekfosk d ftuko dk ftoX ehsk, noEks j fe fJe Jh;kJh etb rfYnk dh nfXeko dk
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gkbD eoDk ukjhdk j. ikB ebftB (1509^1564) fJe ;yas ykDk, wo dk :Nfgnk (1516) ftu g;skfts
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fJe ;wkB d Bkb fJ; gpfbs. fJj Bshesktkdh ;h. ebftB oki fJe EneofNe skBkPkjh ;h, bfeB
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b{Eo d/ wkwb/ d/ o{g ftZu, ekbftBtkd ikDpZM e/ ns/ uninten-tionally, ftneshrs, nkoEe ns /
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okiBhse ftneshtkd :rdkB.
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ebftB d ;GsA wjstgoD :rdkB BthA noE Pk;so, noEks gihtkdh nkoEe gDkbh dh nkgDh wioh
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;h. Tj g;k dk Yo, g; d nkg fegkb ns fdyktNh BwkfJP ns rohpK T¤s ;dyoh dk ftoX ehsk,
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bfeB TXko bJh rJh gAih T¤s ftnki d GrskB dk ftoX BjhA ehsk ;h. tpo ;;kfoe sg d ebftfB;N
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B?shesktkdh B?fse g{µihtkd dh tkXk ƒ fIzw/dko o'fenk j? s/ ftP/P o{g tb'A nµro/Ih B?shesktkd ftZu.
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fouov j/Boh Tawney (1880^1962), tpo dh Eh;h; dh nkbuBk, go;fEshnK T¤s finkdk Io fdsk
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ns/ nµd'bBK nkoEe ns/ p''fXe bJh g{µihtkd d/ w{b. g{µihtkd ns/ gq'N/;N/AN B?fse d/ ftZu dh eVh d/ o{g
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ftu ;ob og ftu tpo dk ;Mkn fdsk j, jkbKfe TBKB fejk fe 17 tnK Pskpdh ftu fJrbAv ftu
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tkfDfie torK d ;kwkie nt;otkfdsk dh fJe ftPP poKv j, i oVhtkdh sstA tbA ty ;h d Posses
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;B BjhA ;h. Toynbee nkgD emo nBPk;B ns ftneshtkd dh tik tbA fe ekbftBtkd df;nk, tXdh
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gihgsh tor bJh ek|h nghb ehsh.
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Xow;Xko fJe ekTANo^;Xko ns eEbhe ns gN;NAN d ftu fJe ;hs bVkJh dk nrtkJh ehsk.
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BtikroD ns ;Xko d ftfrnkBh eqKsh nkfJnk j? fe 1500^1700 tb'A cfbnk j ns nkXfBe dfBnK d /
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T;koh bJh fIwdko ;h. fJj beK ƒ ty dfBnK ns pfjwv d pko ftu ;uD bJh f;ykfJnk j. Nicolaus
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e'gofBe; (1473^1543), pokj/ (1546^1601), i'jkB e/gbo (1571^1630) ns/ r?fbb:' r?bhbh
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