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fJekJh^1L s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh gqfeqsh ns/ ftPk y/so
fJekJh^1L s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh gqfeqsh ns/ ftPk y/so
fJekJh^1L s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh gqfeqsh ns/ ftPk y/so
fJekJh^1L s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh gqfeqsh ns/ ftPk y/so
fJekJh^1L s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh gqfeqsh ns/ ftPk y/so
j[zdh j?. fJ; d/ Bkb jh Bkb, b"feeheoD dh gqfeqnk ns/ T[d:'fre ftek; th j[zdk j?. d{ih dPk ft~u BØN
iBsk Bz{ g{oh soK fBoDk e/AdoK ft~u Pkfwb eo fd~sk iKdk j?.
fJ; soK ikrtkokJhp ns/ nk:z;N?v okiBhfse nkX[fBeheoD Bz{ ftnkge ntXkoDk BjhA wzBd/ jB.
ikrtkokJhp dk efjDk j? fe okiBhfse ftek; ft~u okiBhfse nkX[fBeheoD s'A fJbktk ;z;EktK iK
;zouBktK dk ;z;EkeoD th j' ikdk j?. nkwzv d/ nfGws dk T[b/y eod/ j'j/ T[;B/ okiBhfse ftek;
ft~u (1) G{fwek ftfGzBheoD, fiBK ft~u (e) G{fwektK ns/ T[g^ftt;EktK dk ftP/PheoD, (y) ;o'sK dk
buhbheoD, (r) gqekoiK dh p[ZXh;zrssk ns/ (x) ;kXBK Bz{ fBofws eoBk Pkfwb j?. (2) T[g^ftt;Ek
;t?/:~ssk ns/ (3) b"feeheoD d/ b~SDK dh r~b ejh j?. fJ; Bkb ikrtkokJhp fJj ;gPN eoD dh
e'fPP eodk j? fe okiBhfse ftek; ft~u okiBhfse nkX[fBeheoD s"A nfXe ns/ fGzB gqeko dk
ftfGzBheoD j[zdk j?. okiBhfse nkX[fBeheoD ft~u ;~sk dh p[ZXh;zrssk, okiBhfse ;zouBktK dk
ftfGzBheoD ns/ okiBhfse ;fjGkfrsk jh gqw[~y nk:kw wzB/ rJ/ jB id'A fe okiBhfse ftek; ft~u
i/eo nkwzv d[nkok fd~s/ rJ/ T[go'es b~SDK Bz{ jh bJhJ/, sK th fJ; Bkb fpqj~so ns/ fGzB gqeko
dhnK gfotosB gqfeqnktK dk noE^p'XB j[zdk j?/.fbT{fPnB gkJh B/ fiBK fszB b~SDK Bz{ ;otgqEw
okiBhfse ftek; d/ bJh gqshgkfds ehsk, T[; nkXko s/ th okiBhfse ftek; okiBhfse nkX[fBeheoD
s'A ftnkge ntXkoDk pD iKdh j?. fJ; dk ;zpzX gkJh d/ PpdK ft~u ;wkBsk, ywsk ns/ ftfGzBheoD
s'A j[zdk j?.
T[go'es ftt/uB s'A ;gPN j? fe okiBhfse nkX[fBeheoD ns/ okiBhfse ftek; ft~u b~SDK dh fdqPNh
Bkb w"fbe nzso BjhA gkfJnk iKdk j?. gqzs{, pkoheh Bkb d/yD s/ okiBhfse nkX[fBeheoD, ;zeowDPhb
;wkiK dh okiBhfse ftt;EktK ft~u nkUD tkb/ ;zouBkswe ns/ ;z;feqfse gfotosBK s~e jh ;hfws
j?. ukj/ fJ; Bkb okiBhfse ftt;Ek dhnK T[g^ftt;EktK, okiBhfse ;z;feqsh ns/ UBK dhnK gqfeqnktK
ft~u nkUD tkb/ gfotosBK dk p'X th j[zdk j?. gqzs{ fJ; Bkb okiBhfse ftt;Ek dh ywsk, T[gftt;EktK
dh ;t?:~ssk nkfd dk ;ze/s BjhA fwbdk. fJ; soK, okiBhfse ftek; Bk sK nkX[fBeheoD dh gqfeqnk
dk gfoDkw fejk ik ;edk j?, ukj/ okiBhfse ftek; Bz{ okiBhfse nkX[fBeheoD dk d{ik BK wzfBnk ik
;edk j?. ukj/ okiBhfse ftek; ns/ okiBhfse nkX[fBeheoD rfsnswe ntXkoDktK jB, ns/
s[bBkswe okiBhfse nfXn?BK ft~u fJBK dk ftP/P o{g ft~u gq:'r T[g:'rh BshfinK s~e gj[zuD ft~u
;jkfJe j[zdk j?, fco th d'jK ft~u ekch nzso gkJ/ ikd/ jB.
e[M ftdtkB, fiBK dk n;hA okiBhfse nkX[fBeheoD d/ ft;fsqs ftt/uB ft~u T[b/y eoKr/, T[go'es
ftuko Bkb ;fjws BjhA jB. UBK d/ nB[;ko okiBhfse ftek; dh ntXkoDk ;hfws ns/ ;E?fse (static)
j?. feUAfe, fJ; dk ;zpzX w[~y s"o s/ ;zouBktK d/ ;z;EkeoD s'A j?, id'A fe nkX[fBeheoD d/ okiBhfse
g~y dk ;zpzX w[~y s"o s/ ;z;feqfse gfotosBK s'A j?. fJBK ftdtkBK dk wzBDk j? fe fJ; Bkb okiBhfse
ftek; dk ;zpzX n"gukfoesktK Bkb i[V iKdk j?. id'A fe, okiBhfse nkX[fBeheoD dk ;zpzX tk;sftesktK
Bkb nfXe j[zdk j?. fJ; ;zpzX ft~u n;hA ftdtkBK ft~u wsG/d jh nfXe gkUAd/ jK. id'A s~e ;ko/ ftdtkB
okiBhfse ftek; ns/ okiBhfse nkX[fBeheoD d/ noE ns/ b~SDK T[Zs/ ;fjws Bk j' ikD, sd s~e fJBK
d'jK ft~u'A fejVh ntXkoDk ftnkge ns/ fpqj~so ;zpzX o~ydh j?, efj ;eDk ;zGt BjhA j?. T[dkjoD bJh,
i/eo fbT{fPnB gkJh d/ nB[;ko, okiBhfse ftek; dk noE ns/ b~SD (;wkBsk, ywsk ns/ ftfGzBheoD)
bJ/ ikD sK fJj okiBhfse nkX[fBeheoD d/ w[ekpb/ ft~u ;hfws pD iKdh j?. i/eo fJ; dk nkwzv d/
d[nkok d~f;nk frnk noE ns/ b~SD (G{fwek ftfGzBheoD, T[g^ftt;Ek ;t?:~ssk ns/ b"feeheoD) bJ/
ikD sK fJj okiBhfse nkX[fBeheoD s'A nfXe ;otrqkjh ntXkoDk pD iKdh j?. fJ;/ soK, ikrtkoJhp
d/ d[nkok T[b/fys b~SD (;wkfie ;kwzi;, ;fjGkfrsk, ;wkBo{gsk, gqshfBXkswesk, t?Xsk ns/ gq:'isk)
fJ; Bz{ J/Bh ftnkge ntXkoDk pDk fdzd/ jB fe okiBhfse nkX[fBeheoD fJ; dk go'y o{g Bkb gfoDkw
pD iKdk j?.
fBu'V bJh n;hA fJj efj ;ed/ jK fe okiBhfse ftek; ns/ okiBhfse nkX[fBeheoD T[Zs/ J/Bk wsG/d pfDnk
j'fJnk j? fe ;[fBPfus o{g Bkb e[M efj ;eDk efmB j?. T[dkjoD bJh, nk:z;N?v B/ okiBhfse nkX[fBeheoD
dh gqfeqnk Bz{ gqfeqnkswe (nfsnkfXe ftfGzBhfeqs okiBhfse ;zouBktK dk ftek;, e/Ado ;oeko dhnK

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